Philosophy jong ka niam bad ka jingsniew

Badasuk Lamin

Baroh u briew la kumno kumno shisien u lap bad ïakynduh beit bad ka jingsniew ha ka jingim jong u. Ynda haba u lap ïa ka u kylli beit halade ba balei ka ktah ïa u, lane lada ym dei ha ka met lajong ruh, u lah ban lap ha kiwei, kum ki bahaïing hasem, ki lok ki jor, ha shnong ha thaw bad ha ka pyrthei baroh kawei. Lehse u lah ban ïohsngew lane ïohi ha ki khubor, lane lehse u ïakynduh bad shem hi da la ka jong ka jingim ïa ki jait pa ki jait ki jingsniew, kum ka batbor, ka jingpynbthei bomb, kiba ïaknieh jaka, kiba bam ïa ka hok jong kiwei, ka jingïalehthma hapdeng kawei ka jaidbynriew bad ïa kawei pat, kumjuh ruh ka ri bad kawei ka ri, bad ka jingpynïap beaiñ ïa ki jaidbynriew, ter ter. Kum u briew, haba don ki jingjia kiba ktah ïa u, um lah khlem da wad ïaki daw ki nia, ki jingshisha bad ki jingtip ha kaba ïadei bad kine ki jingjia kiba pynsniew ïa ka jinglong briew bad ïaka imlang sahlang jong u.

Kane ka artikl barit ka kren khyndiat ha kaba ïadei bad kata ka jingsniew kum ka jingeh/jingjynjar jong u briew, da kaba wanrah ïa ki katto katne ki nuksa kiba la jia ha ka history jong ka imlang sahlang. Ka jingmut jong kane ka artikl ka long ban sngewthuh ïa kita ki jingeh/jingjynjar lane ban shu ong kyllum ka ‘jingsniew’ ha ka dur jong ka Philosophy jong ka niam. Ngin peit ruh katto katne ki jingbatai, ki jingmut bad ki jingïatai hapdeng ki khraw pyrkhat khnang ba ngin lah sngewthuh ïa kine ki jingeh kiba ïadei bad ka imlang sahlang jongngi. Ki nuksa ba la ai da u nongthoh, kam dei ka jingthmu ban kdewkti pyrshah lane pynrem ïa kano kano ka seng/jait/kynja/kynhun/ lane ïa u/ka briew. Hynrei kadei ka jingringdur bad ka jingpynshongnia ïa kita ki jingjia bad ban pynïadei bad/ïa ki jingshisha.

U Epicurus (341-270 BC) u philosopher ba pawnam ka Greek u ong “Hato U Blei U kwah ban ïada na ka jingsniew, hynrei Um lah? Hangta, Um dei Uba da donbor than. Hato U lah, hynrei Um mon? Hangta, Um dei Uba bha. Hato U lah bad U mon? Balei pat don ki jingsniew? Hato Un nym lah bad Un nym mon? Balei yn khot ïa U pat U Blei?” Ban shahshkor ïa kine ki jingkylli ka long kaba eh ïa ki theologians bad ki philosophers ban ai ïa ka jubab kaba pura bad kaba janai, hynrei suki suki katba nang ïaid ki por ki samoi, da ki jingwadbniah bad ki jingwad jingtip jong ki, ki la lah ban ai ïa ki jubab ha kaba ïadei bad kitei ki jingkylli. Hynrei ngim lah pat ban ong haduh katno kita ki jubab kiba la pyndait bad ringdur da kita ki khraw pyrkhat ki lah ban ai ïa ka jingshai bad jingsngewthuh ha kaba ïadei bad U Blei bad kita ki jingjia kiba sniew ha kane ka pyrthei.

Katkum U Schlesinger (1972) u ong ba lada dei ba u briew u shem jingeh/jingjynjar dei na ka daw ka pop hi jong u. Ka jinghap jong u briew ha ka pop ka dei na ka mon laitluid. Kata ka mon laitluid jong u ka pynlong ïa u ba un jied ïa kaba bha bad ïa kaba sniew. Dei da ka jingjied jong u ïa kata kaba sniew, u sa hap ha ka pop, bad ka jingmih na kata ka pop dei ka jingjynjar bad ka jinglanot. Ka mon laitluid kam dei ka mon kaba pynbor ban jied beit tang ïa kaba sniew, hynrei ka dei ka bor jingsngewthuh briew ba halade (Stackhouse 1998). U Blei U la buh khnang ïa ka pop bad ka jingjynjar dei na ka daw ba u briew un tip ban phikir ïa la ka jong ka jingim laitluid jong u. Katkum ha ki bangeit, ka jingwan tyngkhuh jong ka jingsniew dei na ki kam sniew jong ki hi, bad da ka jingshah ktah ha ka jingjynjar/jingeh ka pynlong ïa u briew un kylla kabamut ban un sa kylla long riewbha.

Shuh shuh ruh u Schlesinger u ong ba ka dei ka jinglong hi jong u briew. Kum U Blei katkum kamram jong U U la dep ailut lane pynbiang katkum ka jingdawa jong ka jingdonkam jong u briew. Hynrei kum u briew u don pat kata ka jinglong ha u ba un kwah shuh, lane ban ong ba u lalot hi. Ha kata ka liang, ka long kaba eh ïa U Blei ban ai katkum kata ka jingkwah ïa briew. Teng teng kata ka jingthrang/jingkwah jong u briew ka lah ban ktah ïa kiwei pat ki para briew. Halor kane, U Schlesinger u shim da ka kyntien jong u J S. Mills (1863) kaba ong ba “Ka kham bha ka jingbymhun jong u Socrates, ban ïa ka jinghun jong uba bieij; ka bha ïa ka jingbymhun uba bieij ban ïa ka jinghun jong u sniang.” Ka jingmut jong u hangne ka long ba ym don uwei ruh u briew uba don ka jingsngewthuh u ba kwah ban long kum uba bieij lane ban poi shaduh ka jinglong mrad tang naka daw ka jingkwah ban pynhun lane pynsngewbha ïalade. Ka bha ïa u ban nym hun ban ïa ka ban poi sha ka jinglong mrad. Kum ka nuksa: baroh u briew u kwah ïa ka bor (power). Hynrei tang na ka bynta ban ïoh ïaka bor, un pynïap lut ïa kita kiba kham khlaiñ lane kiba kham shemphang ban na u, lane kiba pyrshah ïa u, wat lada ki dei kiba haïing hasem lane ki bym don jingïadei ruh bad u (Nongsynshar Donbor/Power-Mad/Dictator). Ka jingmut ka long ba uta u briew uba don ka jingsngewthuh (kum u Socrates), wat lada u kwah ban synshar ruh, un nym leh kumta, ka bha ïa u ba un nym hun ban ïa kaba leh kumta, namar u lah tip ba kam dei kum kata ka lynti ban ïoh ïa ka bor da kaba hap ban pynïap dusmon ïa kiwei, hynrei lait tang u bieij u ban leh kumta. Hynrei wat uba bieij ruh lada um ïoh eh ïa kata kaba u thmu u dang hun la ka hun, hynrei ha u mrad te, un beh kthong beit tad haduh ba un ïoh syndon ban pyndep ïa ka jingthmu jong u, bad um kheiñ shuh ïa kata ka ïap ka im jong kiwei ki para-mrad tang ban ïoh ban long kynrad lane ban synshar ïa kata ka khlaw. Hynrei wat lada don kum uta u jaid briew uba long bieij ne long mrad ruh, ym dei U Blei Uba aibor/ailad ïa u ban leh ïa ki jait pa ki jait ki kam kiba sngewtriem bad sngewshyrkhei; ymdei ba U shah/ailad ïa kata ka jingsniew ban don bad kam dei ruh ka jingbakla jong U lada Um lah ban pynsangeh ïa kata ka jingshah lehbeiñ bad jingshah leh beaiñ jong kita kiwei ha uta uba leh palat.

Sa kawei ruh Schlesinger u ong ba kum kata ka jaid jingkwah/jingthrang, U Blei Un ym lah ban ai kat haduh ban da hun pura. Long kum kane ka ka kyntien “wat u briew uba lah don ha bneng ruh u dang kwah ban wad jaka shuh shawei.” Kata ka jingbymlah jong U Blei ban ai ïa u ïa kata ka jingkwah ka pynlong ïa u ba un khuslai bad jynjar, bad halor kata yn sa kynnoh pat ha U Blei ba Um ju ai jingsuk ïa ki briew. Katkum ka kamram ka jinglong Blei jong U U don kata ka jingsngew ban pyndep bad ai ïa ka jingdonkam jong u briew, hynrei Un nym lah pat ban ai kum kata ka jingkwah. Long kum u kpa ïa u khun: u sumar sukher ia uta u khun katkum ka kamram ka jinglong kpa jong u, hynrei katba uta u khun u la nangsan u don da kawei pat ka jingkwah palat na kata ka jinglah jong u kpa ban ai. Kum ha kata ka rukom ka jingkwah jong u khun ka kham palat na kata ka jinglah jong u kpa jong u ban ai lane ban pynïoh. Kane ka jingbymlah jong U Blei ban leh lut, kam shym mut ba U lah sangeh noh ïalade ban leh ïa ka kamram Blei jong U. U Shlesinger u ong ruh ba U Blei Un ym lah ban pynbiang lut ia ka jingdonkam jong uwei-pa-uwei u jingthaw, bad kata ka jingbymlah jong U Blei ban ai ïa kata ka jaid jingkwah/jingthrang ïa u briew ka long kumjuh kum ka jingbymlah jong U ban thaw ïa uta u number uba heh tam (greatest integer) ha pyrthei. Hynrei wat lada Um lah ban leh lut ïa kiei kiei baroh, ka khlem pynpohbor noh ïa kata ka jinglong Bakhrawbor bad Badonbor jong U, kumba kiba bun ki philosophers ruh ki mynjur ïa kata. Tang na ka daw ba U Blei Um lah ban lehlut, kam shong hok ïa ngi ban ong ba Um leh ïa ka kamram Blei jong U, bad U pyrshah ïa kata ka mon jongngi, lane ngin kynnoh ba Um lah (failed) ban leh ïa kata (Schlesinger, 1972; 1964).
Katkum ka theodicy jong u Schlesinger ka ong ba ki jingeh/jingjynjar ki wan na ka jingleh pop hi jong u briew lyngba ka jingjied jong u ïa kaba sniew. Hynrei bun kim da mynjur eh ha kaba ïadei bad kane ka jingong, namar, ynda haba ki la pynshongnia bha ïa kita ki jingjia kiba ïadei bad kita jingsniew, khamtam ban peit kum ka Holocaust jong ki Jews (1941-1945/6million ki Jews bad 5million kiwei pat ki jaid bynriew kiba la shah pyniap), Holomodor jong ki Ukraine (1932-1933/3million), Bengal Famine ha India (1943/3.8million) ter ter. Ka jingkylli ruh ka long – Kaei ka pop ba lah leh da kine ki briew haduh ba kin hap ban siew da ka jingshah lehbeiñ bad da ka jingshah pynïap beaiñ? Lada ngi peit ïa ka Bengal Famine ruh kumjuh, kumno bad ha kano ka dur ngin lah ban pynksan bad pynshongnia ba kine ki lanot ba ki long kiba pop, namar ïalade ki long ki mraw hapoh jong ka jingsynshar jong ki phareng. Kumno uta uwei uba dang ïaleh ïa ka mynsiem halor ka jingïapthngan bad ka jingshah pynsaja ha kita kiwei kiba sympat ïa u, u dang ïoh jaka lane ïoh por ban leh ïa kita ki kam sniew? Khamtam ki khunlung khynnah bad kiba dang punkhun. Lada ka dei katkum ka jingong u Schlesinger (ka jinglanot dei na ka pop), kamut kito nongpynïap kiba pynïap ïa kita ki millions ngut yn khot ïa ki – Kiei? Ki shakri jong U Blei lane ki nongleh ïa ka kam U Blei? Lada kum kane ka jaid jingjynjar ka dei ka atiar ban ai jingsneng na ka bynta ka pop bad ka jingpalat, kiba bun kim sngewlah ban ktha ïa ka. Namar ki ong ba lada dei U Blei Uba bha, Un nym ai kum kane ka jingsneng (pynïap syndon) tad haduh ba u briew um ïohlad shuh wat tang ban pyni lane sakhi ïalade ïa kata jingkylla ha ka jingim jong u, bad U Blei Un dang don jingmap ne jingisynei khamtam ïa ki khunlung khynnah lane ïa kita kiba dang punkhun. Ki don ruh kiba kylli – halor ba U Blei U la ai ïa u briew ïa kata ka mon laitluid ba un rai hi ban leh katba u sngewbit ïalade, te balei pat u dang pynshitom ïa u ynda haba u lah leh ïa kata ka mon lajong? Lada ka long kumta kamut u briew u dang don hi ka jingshah teh nalor kata ka mon laitluid jong u, bad ka jingmut jong ka kyntien ‘laitluid’ ka lah synjor noh. Hynrei halor kine ki jingpyrshah (criticisms), ki don kiba ïashah (defend) bad pynshongnia da kumwei pat, da kaba ong ba ka dei ka mon laitluid hi jong uta u nongleh palat – kum ka ‘defense’.
Halor kane, u Schlesinger u jubab kumne da kaba ong ba ka jingwan jong kane ka jingsniew ka lah ban dei da ka mon ka jingleh hi jong uta u nongleh, dei na ka daw ka jingkwah jong u. Bad kane ka jingleh palat kam dei shuh ba la leh da ka jingsngewthuh briew, la dei kum ka jingsngewthuh mrad (jingkdew – J S. Mills). Hynrei balei pat U Blei Um pynsangeh ïa ki Nazi na ka jingshah pyniap beaiñ jong ki Jews, lane ïa ka jingñion beiñ bad ka jingpynïap thngan ba shyrkhei jong ki Soviet ïa ki nong Ukraine?
Kumba la kdew haneng, katkum ka jingong u Schlesinger, imat U Blei Um lah ban leh lut ïa baroh ki jingdonkam jong u briew, dei ha kane ka rukom ba U Blei U khlem thawlad lane U khlem lah ban leh eiei ha kaba ïadei bad ka Holocaust lane ïa ka Holomodor lane ha kino kino ki jingjia kiba shyrkhei. Kum ïa u theodicist lane u philosopher niam, ka long kaba suk ban ngeit ïa kane ka jingong, hynrei kaba eh ïa u bymngeit bad kumjuh ruh ïa uta uba ngeit namar kane ka jingong ka lah ban poi sha ka jingbym sngewlah ngeit shuh namar ka lah pynduna noh ïa kata ka bor lane ka iktiar bad ka kyrteng ba la khot ï’U Blei kum U Blei Uba Khrawbor/Badonbor baroh, khamtam ban kynmaw ïa U Blei u Moses Uba la kad arliang ïa ka Duriaw Basaw!, U Blei u Abraham Uba la thang noh ïa ka Sodom bad Gomorrah!, Bad U Blei u Joshua Uba pynkhyllem noh ïa ka kynroh bah ka Jericho!.
Haba phai sha u Schlesinger um lah ban batai shai ïa kata ka jinglong jong uta u briew uba pynsniew ïa kiwei. Lada dei ba uta u briew u lah bieij lane long mrad (bym don jingïatiplem shuh), nuksa- Hitler, Stalin, Mao Zedong ter ter., kumno pat uta u briew u lah ban synshar ïa kiwei bad kin ngeit bad kohnguh ruh kat kaba u ong, bad ki lah thaw ruh da ka System ha ka rukom pyrkhat (ideology) jong u – nuksa: Nazism. Katkum ka jubab jong u Schlesinger u ong “ha ka jingshisha, ka dei ka jingdon hi kita jingsniew naduh mynnyngkong” (Sclesinger, 1972). Kumba la kdew ha u Kraemer (2002), u Schlesinger u ong “ha ka jingshisha ka Holocaust kam dei ban don jingktah than ha kaba ïadei bad ka jingngeit jong u riewngeit, namar ka jingsniew ka lah don lypa naduh mynshuwa.” Haba kumta, tang namar ba ka jingsniew ka la ïaidon hangne ha pyrthei, U Blei Un thetkti noh ban thaw ïa ki lad ban ïarap lane ban kiar na ka? Ne dei na ka daw ba Um lah ban weng ïa kita ki jingsniew – kamut ym sngew myntoi shuh ban shim ïaka jingkitkhlieh ban thawlad bad ban pyllait na ka ban poi haduh uta u pud ka jingtriem bad jingshyrkhei. Long kum i doctor, tang namar ba kata ka jingpang ka lah pynïap ïa kiba bun ki briew kamut in sangeh noh ban sumar ïa kita kiwei ruh, shu ieh beit ba kin ïap la ka ïap? Ha kaba kut, katkum ka jingsngew jong u Schlesinger ba ka dei ka ‘jingbymlah’ hi jong U Blei, lem kumta Un nym ieh ïa ki jaid jingjia lane ki jingsniew kiba triem bad kiba shyrkhei ba kin jia kumba ki lah jia. U Harold Kushner pat um da mynjur bha bad ka jingong jong u Schlesinger, ha kaba ïadei bad kata ka jimgbymlah jong U Blei ban leh lut. U Kushner u ong ba U Blei Um kwah ban pynwit lane pynthut ïa kata ka mon laitluid jong u briew lada u kwah ban jied ïa kaba bha ne ïa kaba sniew, namar lada u dang pynthut halor kata, kamut kam don jingmut shuh kata ka jingai ïa kata ka mon laitluid ha u briew. Dei na kata ka daw ba U Blei Um leh eiei ha kaba ïadei bad kata ka jingsniew (hapoh u Kraemer, 2002). Hynrei ha kane ka rukom pat, u Kraemer u kylli ba tang na ka daw ba la ai ïa u briew ïa ka mon laitluid, kamut ym donkam shuh ban khang ïa u ba un leh katba mon, wat lada kadei kaba sniew ruh?
U Richard Granville Swinburne u philosopher ba pawnam ka England u ong kumne “U Blei U lah ban weng ïa ka jingsniew na kane ka sla pyrthei lada U mon, hynrei Um kwah ban leh kumta. Lada U Bajanai (Blei) u shah ïa kaba sniew ban don ha pyrthei, U don ïa ka hok ban shah ïa ka, namar ka don ka jingbha kaba mih na ka, bad hynrei ymdei ma U pat Uba la wanrah ïa ka sha kane ka pyrthei la kumno kumno ruh, dei na kata ka daw, da kaba shah ïa ka ban don hangne ha pyrthei kan long ka jingmyntoi shibun eh” (Swinburne, hapoh ka edition u Snyder 1996). Katkum ha ka jingïohi jong u Swinburne, u shem ba ka jingdon jong ka jingsniew ha sla pyrthei ka treikam eh naka bynta ka jingbha. Ban ïoh ïa ka pyrthei kaba janai, ka kham sngew shongkhia eh ban shah ïa ka jingsniew ba kan don, namar la ïohi ba ka sei ïa u soh ka jingbha.
Ki don saw tylli ki mat kiba pyni kumno ba ka jingsniew ka wanrah ïa ka jingbha ha ka jingim jong u briew: (1) Ka ailad ïa u briew ba un pyni ïa kata ka jinglong tipbriew-tipblei lane ïa kata ka jingïatiplem jong u. Da kaba shem jingduk halade, ka ïarap ban pynsngewthuh ïa ka jingkyrduh jong kiwei. Ym tang kata – dei lyngba da kata jingshem, ynda haba uta uwei u lah kham bit kham biang ka jingim, u lah ban ïarap ïa kita kiwei kiba shem kumba shem ma u, bad ka hikai ruh ïa u ban hun katba u ïoh ne don. (2) Ka pynshlur ïa u briew ba un kitkhia bad leh bha ha ka jingim jong u. Kum ka jingpang bad ka jingïap kaba ym thikna ka pynlong ïa u briew ba un pyrkhat noh lypa ïa ka jingim ban jied ïa kaba bha, ban leh bha ïalade bad ïa kiwei pat ki parabriew. (3) Ka hikai ïa u briew ba un tip ban nangkham pynbha shuh shuh ïa la ka jingim lajong bad ïa kiwei ruh. Kum ka jingjia ïatyngkhuh kali, lah ban don uba ïap hangta, lah ban dei bym biang ki traffic lights lane ïaid wrong side hi uta u briew lane dei da kiwei ki daw. Lada dei bym biang ki traffic lights, ka aiñ kan lah ban pynbha shuh shuh, lada dei ba ïaid wrong side hi uta u briew, u lah tip ban phikir sa shisien, lane ka long kum ka nuksa ïa kiwei ruh ba kin phikir ïalade. (4) Ka pynshlur ïa u briew ba un long u riewshlur lane u riewïaleh/riewïasaid. Kum u shipai, uba lah mut ban lenlade bad phaidien noh ïa la ka jong ka jingim ban long shuh uta u shipai lane u riewshlur u ban kitkhlieh na ka bynta ka ïap ka im jong ki briew ha kata ka hima. Hynrei da ka jingdon jong ki thma bad ki jingsniew kiba ktah ïa ka imlang sahlang, lane ïa kata ka ri ka pynlong ïa u ba un nym hun ban phaidien na kata ka jingkitkhlieh ka kam bha jong u. U hap ban ïeng ïaleh bad ïasaid na ka bynta kita kiba luilui bad kiba lanot.
U Swinburne u ong ba uta uba ngat ha kata ka jingsniew um dei ban lyngkot ka jingmut jingpyrtkhat jong u, ba un peit ïa kata jingmong ba la kem ha u da kata ka jingsniew ha kata ka por, hynrei, u dei ban peit sha lyndet jong kata kaba u la ïohi ha kata ka por, kamut ba u dei ban peit ïa ki jingmih kiba mih na kata ka jingsniew, kata ka dei ka jingbha, kumba la kdew haneng da ki nuksa bapher-bapher. Dei ha kane ka dur u ong ba ka jingsniew ka long kaba donkam bad kaba ïarap na ka bynta ka jingbha.
Shuh shuh u ong ba ka “jingshah lehbeiñ ki Jews ha ki Nazi, ka long ka mon ba la jied hi da ki briew ban leh ïa kata ka kam sniew; kum kane ka jingsniew ka lah don lypa da ki spah snem naduh mynshuwa bad ka la saphriang ha baroh ki dewbah jong ka pyrthei. Kum kane ka jingjynjynjar [jong ki Jews] ka pynlong ïa uta u briew uba khaweit ban un long u riewshlur, bad uta uba eh dohnud ruh kumjuh ban shim ïa ka rai (kum ka nuksa kaba ‘4’). Dei na kane ka jingsniew ka pynlong ïa ki ba kin don ka mynsiem shlur, mynsiem synei, mynsiem leh bha, mynsiem ïarap, ban sngewlem, ban map, ban kylla, bad ban kiar na kaba ym leh shuh kum kane ka jaid jingsniew”. U Swinburne u ong “nga khlem ïashah lane ngam shym la pynksan ïa kata ka jingleh kam sniew jong ki Nazi ïa ki Jews, namar kim don hok ban leh kumta parabriew, hynrei nga ong ïa U Blei, Uba don bor ban leh katba u mon.”
Ha ka theodicy jong u Swinburne u kren beit ïa ka jingmut (mean) bad ka jingmih (end) jong kita ki jingjia. Hynrei na ka kane ka jingmut jong u ruh ki bun kiba ym da mynjur bha. Ka jingmut jong u Swinburne ba, lada kwah ban ïoh ïa kata ka jingbha kaba kham bha shuh shuh dei ban nang kham jur ka jingsniew (Kraemer 2002). Sa kawei ruh u ong “…. hynrei nga ong ïa U Blei, Uba don bor ban leh katba u mon.” Imat ba kata ka jingleh jong ki Nazi ïa ki Jews, kam da dei shisha ba ki la leh da ka mon jong ki, lehse long kumba U Blei u pyndonkam ïa ki, dei na kata ka daw ba ha ka jingmut jong u, ba ki Nazi, lah ban ong, ba kim da bakla jur eh, wat lada ïohi kumba ki leh da ka mon laitluid ruh, i kumba ki don hapoh ka jingpynïaid (plan) jong U Blei. Lada ka long kumta, ka lah dei kawei na ki daw kiba pyllong ïa ki thma ha baroh ki sla jong ka history – ban ïoh ïa ka jingbha dei ban pynjulor bad pynjot ïa ka imlang sahlang bad ïa ka mariang. Hynrei lada ngi phai sha ka jingshisha katkum ka jingong jong u Kraemer, ka jingleh jong u Hitler kam dei na ka bynta kaba bha katkum ka jingthmu jong u, hynrei dei ba u kwah ban pynkhuid bad pynjanai ïa ka jaidbynriew Aryan jong ki bad ruh ban synshar ïa ka dewbah Europe bad ïa ka pyrthei baroh kawei.
Ngi lah ruh ban ring dur ha kaba ïadei bad ka histori jong u Khasi-Pnar jong ngi, lada kane ka jingkam jong u Swinburne ka long kaba dei, ba ‘ka jingsniew ka wanrah ïa ka jingbha’. Ka jingshahshet kylla jong u Syiem Tirot Sing Syiemlieh (1833) bad u Woh Kiang Nangbah (1862), ka la pynsangeh noh ïa ki thma hapoh Ri Khasi-Jaiñtia jongngi bad ka jingpynrung jubor jong u Nichols Roy ïa ki Hima Khasi hapoh Sixth Schedule (1950) ruh ka long kaba bha, namar ka pynjai-jai noh ïa ki thma bad ki kynrum kynram kiba mih hapoh kane ka Ri Hynñiewtrep jongngi. Tangba kine kiei kiei ki jingjia bad ki jingleh jong u briew ki lah mo ban ïadei bad ïeng halor ka jingshisha katkum ka hok bad ka jingangnud kita ki khun ki hajar jong kane ka Bri? Ne ka dei ka lad ka jingshim kabu jong kita kiba khwan myntoi halade ban ïoh ïala ka jong ka jingkwah? Long kum kane kawei ka jingbiria kai: ka America, kat haba ka ïohi ïa kano kano ka ri kaba don ki par umphniang barabor ka ju ong beit kane ka kyntien “Oh! kane ka ri te ka donkam jinglaitluid mynta.” Ngi shem ruh ba u Swinburne u shem jingeh ban jubab ha kaba ïadei bad ka theodicy jong u. Tang namar ba U Blei U kwah ban pyni ïalade ba U dei Uba lahlut, u nongsynshar ka bneng bad ka khyndew, Un pyllong noh ïa u briew kum u langkñia ban sakhi na ka bynta ka burom jong U, sngew long thamula, bad sngew kumba U Blei U long bym hok (unjust). Ïa u briew U ong “men nym pynïap”, hynrei ïalade pat U pynïap. Ka jingong jong u Swinburne ruh ba ka jingjia ïa ki Jews ka long kum ka dak bad jingshai ha ka histori jong u briew ba um dei ban leh shuh kumne, tangba ngi ïohi kum kine ki jingjia ki ïai shi ïai jia ha ka histori jong u briew naduh myndanglong ka pyrthei. I kumba ka histori ka ïaibteng kajuh shi kajuh hi – bad ka nang khamjur pynban bad i kumba ka khlem ïarap eiei na ka bynta ka jingïatiplem jong u briew. Kum ki jingjynjar kiba hangne hangtai, kiba khlem da ktah than ïa ka imlang sahlang bad ïa ka mariang, ngi sngew kumba ngin lah ban ngeit ynda haba ngi lah pynshongnia bha ïa ka jingmih jong ka. Hynrei ka eh pat ban mynjur ba U Blei babha Un pynjot da ki millions khlem ka jingsngew ïa la ki jong ki jingthaw (kumba ki dei kum ki khiew ki pliang). Hynrei lada ka dei pat kumba lah ong u Swinburne, kata te ka la dei ka jingshisha kaba sohsat ban ngeit, ka shong sa tang ha u briew hi shimet khamtam ïa kito kiba la don hapoh gas chamber hapoh Auschwitz bad Dachau bad ïa kiwei kiwei kiba shem ïa ki jingjynjar kiba shyrkhei shyrkhei.
Sa kawei ruh, kumno ngin pynksan bad pynthikna ba ka jingsniew ka pynmih ïa kaba bha. Lada ngi peit na ka histori, kita ki Allied Nations kiba leit ïarap ban pynlaitluid ïa ka Germany na ka Nazi, shisien pyrkhat, sngew kumba kata ka jingïarap ka la wan na U Blei (lada ngi ringdur katkum ka jingmut jong u Swinburne), khamtam ïa ki Jews. Hynrei kine ki Allied nations kum ka America ka la phah shipai sha Germany ban pynlaitluid na ki Nazi, hynrei ïalade pat ka pynhap bomb sha Japan bad ka pynïap da ki spah hajar bad da ki lakh. Kumjuh ruh ka Soviet Union ka phah shipai sha Germany ban pynïoh jinglaitluid ïaka Germany. Hynrei ïalade pat ka la pynïap da ki millions ki nong Ukraine. Kumno ngin lah ban ong ba kane ka dei ka jingleh shlur na ka bynta kaba bha? Haei kata ka lawei jong kata ka jingbha? Haei kata ka jingbha ba ngi lah ban ïohi ba U Blei U leh bad la leh na ka bynta ka imlang sahlang da kaba shah ïa ka jingsniew kan don, khamtam kum kine ki jaid jingsniew? Ne U long kum u Thanos ne, da kaba pynkhuid katto katne millions ki bynriew na kane pyrthei, bad kita kiba dang sah kin ïoh ban khih ban ksar bad ban tei ïa ka imlang sahlang jong ki.
U Alvin Plantinga u Analytic Philosopher jong ka America, katkum ha ka jingmut jong u u ong “Kum ki khristan ngi dei ban rai ba ngim tip. Kata ka dei, ba ngim tip eiei ïa kata jingshisha kaba shai. Ha ka jingsngewthuh briew, ngi lah ban sngewthuh ba U Blei U ailad ïa kaba sniew namar U la ïohi ïa ka pyrthei kaba bha da kaba ailad ïa ka, ban ïa kaba pynduh. Hynrei ngim lah pat ban ïohi balei ba ka pyrthei halor kane jingpang jong ka kan lah ban nang pynbha shuh shuh, ha kawei ka liang lada ngi pyrkhat bha, kaei ka daw ba janai jong ka jingshah jong U Blei kum ïa kata ka jaid jingsniew kaba pynpar ñiangkhriat. Ym tang ba ngim lah ban ïthuh ïa kane, hynrei ngim lah ruh ban mutdur ha kano ka dur jong ka jingbha jong ka. Na kata ka daw, kum ki khristan ngi dei ban rai ba ba ngim tip ba balei U Blei u ailad ha ka pyrthei ba yn don ka jingsniew” (Plantinga hapoh u Kraemer, 2002).
Kawei kaba kham eh ruh ka long ba kine ki riew pyrkhat kim da batai bniah bha ïa ka phang pyrkhat (concept) jong kata ka mon laitluid. Ki ong ba la ai ïa ka mon laitluid kum ka jingsngewthuh briew ban jied hi ïa kaba sniew bad kaba bha. Hynrei ka jingïashah jong ki hapdeng u nongshahlehsniew (lanot) bad uta u nonglehkamsniew ka ïapher bha ha kaba ïadei bad ka mon laitluid. Ïa uta u nongshahleh, ki ong ba u leh pop hi ba u sa ngat ha ka jingsniew, hynrei ha ka liang uta nongleh pat (uba la pynïap da ki millions), ki ong ba u leh da ka mon lajong, bad ‘U Blei Um kwah ban pynthut lane pynwit ïa kata ka mon laitluid jong u’. Kane ka jingong kam da shongnia bha bad ka kulmar (contradict), namar sngew kumba uta u nonglehsniew u ïoh mon laitluid katba mon, hynrei uta pat u nongshahlehsniew um don kajuh ka mon laitluid – kumba don uta u nonglehsniew, dei na kata ka daw u don beit ha ka jingma ka jingim jong u. Kum ha kawei ka kyntien, ïa uta uba kham sniew dei ban ai laitluid, bad ïa uta uba da khlem don jingma than dei ban teh ban khum ïa ka mon laitluid jong u.
Lada phai sha kane ka jingbatai bad ka jingïatai jong kine ki khraw pyrkhat, ki don kiba ngi sngewlah ban ngeit, namar ki don kiba ngi sngewïahap. Hynrei ki don ruh ki jingbatai jong ki kiba ym kot ban pynshai bha ïa kita ki jingsniew bad kata ka jinglong jong U Blei bad kaei ka jingmut bad ka jingthmu bashisha bad barieh jong u, namar ngi ïohi ba hangne hangtai ki ïa kulmar (contradict) paramaki ruh. Namar uwei u ïashah da kumwei, bad uwei u ïashah da kumwei wat lada dei kajuh ka phang pyrkhat (concept), khamtam kum ka jingpynshai jong ki shaphang ka mon laitluid jong u briew, ka jingthmu jong ka jingsniew bad ka jingïadei jong U Blei ha kaba ïadei bad ka jingsniew lane kita ki jingeh/jingjynjar. Te nga tharai u Epicurus um pat ïoh ïa ka jubab kaba shai halor kane, te ka shong sa tang h’u briew hi shimet kumno un lah ban pyrkhat bad pynshongnia halor kane. Namar, lada ngi peit kum na kane ka jingmut (ideology/doctrine) kaba batai shaphang ka jingsniew bad ka jinglong jong U Blei, nga tharai ka long kaba eh ban pynïapher, kaei kaba bha bad kaei kaba sniew bad kaei ka jingmyntoi ba mih na ka jingsniew ruh. Da kaba nga ong kumne ngam shym la mut ban pynbor ïa uno uno u briew uba ngeit ba un dei ban nym ngeit shuh ha ka jingngeit jong u lane nga ong ba ka niam ka long kaba sniew, bad ngam tharai kawei ruh ka niam kan hikai ban pynsniew, namar ka jingmih (evolution) jong ka niam dei na ka bynta ban pynbha ïaka imalang sahlang lane ïa ka kynhun jong u briew. Hynrei u briew u dei pat ban phikir ha kaba ïadei bad ka niam, namar u briew u hikai ïa ka niam katkum ka riti dustur jong u bad katkum ka jingdawa ka kolshor jong u. Dei na kata ka daw dei ban tip bad wad ïa ka jingshisha kaba hok bad kaba janai. Namar ka jingshisha kaba ngi tip ka dei tang ka syrngiew jong kata ka jingshisha kaba shisha. Dei ban tih bad khlong bha ïa kita kiba sma iwkhong kiba tap ïa ka jingshisha, bad ruh hap ban shah shitom ha kata ka jingsma. Namar lada ym tip ïa ka jingshisha, ym don nongrim haei haei ruh, wat ka jingngeit ruh kumjuh. Da kaba tip ïa ka jingshisha “ka jingshisha kan pyllait ïa phi.”
Ha kaba khatduh, dei u briew hi u nongleh (agent) ïa kita jingjia kiba jia. Lada u kynnoh ba u shah pynshoi, shah pynbor lane shah pynbieij ha kiwei lane ha ki rukom pyrkhat (ideology) ruh, ha kaba khatduh dei b’u jied hi ïa kata ka jingleh da kaba u aiti dalade da ïa kata ka mon laitluid jong u ban leh ïa kata ka kam, lada dei kaba sniew ne kaba bha. Ka jingkynnoh bad ka jingaidaw ba dei U Blei ne u ksuid, ne ka niam ne ka kynhun, ne ka ïing ka sem bad kumta ter ter kam lah ban pyn-im ïa u bad ban ïada ïa u na kata kam sniew ba u lah leh. Namar u briew um long kum u ‘machine’ uba khlem don jingsngewthuh briew: shuwa ba un leh kino kino ki kam, khamtam ki kam sniew don beit kata ka jingktah ha ka mynsiem jong u shuwa ba un ktah/leh ïaka, namar kane ka bor jinglong sngewthuh-briew la ai ha u da U Nongthaw lane da ka mariang. Ha kaba khatduh dei ka jingkitkhlieh hi jong u da kaba u aiti ïa kata ka mon laitluid, da kaba kohnguh ha kita ki jingpynbieij bad ki jingpynbor ïa u ban leh ïa kita ki kam sniew. Bad ka jingbishar bad ka jingkitkhlieh ka hap halor jong u hi, namar ym lah ban phasi ïa ka niam, ïa U Blei lane ïa u ksuid, ïa ka seng, ka kynhun, rukom pyrkhat (ideology) jong u lane ïa kaei kaei kaba u ngeit. Dei na kata ka daw, briew, dei ban im ka jingim kaba don ka jingkitkhlieh na ka bynta kaba bha dalade ïalade. “Lada lah ban lehbha, lehbha ïa kiwei, lada ym lah ban leh ïa kata, lada long katba lah, ym dei pat ban pynsniew ïaki (Dalai Lama)”. Katkum ka kyntien u Marcus Aurelius (121-180 AD) ka ong “Im ka jingim kaba bha. Lada don ki blei kiba bishar hok, kin ym patiaw haduh katno phi la mane ïa ki, hynrei kin pdiang ïa phi namar ba phi lah im ka jingim kaba bha. Lada don ki blei, tangba kim long pat kiba bishar hok, phim dei ban mane ïa kum kita ki jaid blei. Lada ym don blei ruh, phin sa ïap hi, tangba phi la im pat ka jingim kaba bha, kumta phin ïaineh sah hapoh ka jingkynmaw jong ki baieid bathoiñ jong phi.”
“Kaba pynlong ïa ka jingsniew ba kan jop kadei ba ki briew kiba bha ki khlem leh eiei” – Edmund Burke
Khublei Chihajar Ngooh

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