KI PHANG KYRTENG KIBA BUN, KA JAITBYNRIEW PAT TANG KAWEI

U Samla Manti Nonglamin,

Ex Finance Secretary, KSU Pynursla Unit & Samla Basuklang N Khongwar, President, KSU Nongsder Unit.

Ki la don shibun ki jingkren bad ki jingthoh shaphang ki trai shnong kiba im ba sah ha Meghalaya, kiba bun na kita ki jingthoh ki batai ba ha Meghalaya don lai tylli ki indigenous tribe, kata ki Garo, ki Khasi bad ki Jaiňtia, dang shen haka Dorbar Meghalaya Legislative Assembly ba 11 (Khat-wei) la don kawei ka jingkren kaba sngew kumba ki Khasi bad Jaiňtia kim dei kajuh ka Jaidbynriew. Haba nga la poi shathie sha rithor India la don ba kylli ȉa nga phi dei naei? Nga la jubab na Meghalaya, u nongkylli u la ȉathuh ba u la pule bad u tip ba don lai tylli ki indigenious tribe ha Meghalaya kata ki Garo, Khasi bad Jaiňtia. Une bapli u la ȉoh ban pule ia kiba kum kita ki jingbatai kiba pyniakhlad ia ngi hapdeng u Khasi bad Jaiňtia. Katno ka pyrthei kala ȉoh ka jingtip kaba bakla shaphang jong ngi. Ka jingkylli kaba mih hangne bad kaba nga ju kylli ȉalade ka long hato u Khasi bad u Jaiňtia ki long shisha la ka jong? ne ki long kawei ka jaidbynriew? ne hangno ngin pruid ȉa u laiň ban pynȉapher hapdeng ki Khasi bad Jaiňtia?

Haduh mynta ki nongwad bniah ki tih bad ki thew naei ka Jaitbynriew Khasi ka wan, watla ym pat don ba lah ban pynkut ȉa kane ka phang hynrei kawei kaba paw ka long ba ki Khasi kiba sah ha Jaińtia Hills District, Khasi Hills District bad Ri-Bhoi District ki don kajuh ka khana shaphang ka jingsdang ka Jaidbynriew kata ka khana shaphang u Lumsohpet Bneng bad ka Diengȉei, lada bishar na kane ngi lah ban ong ba ngi wan na kajuh ka thymmei bad ngi long kawei ka Jaitbynriew.

Lada phai pat sha ka ktien ba ngi kren kane ruh ka kdew bad pynphalang ba ngi long kawei ka Jaidbynriew namar ka ktien kaba ngi kren ka long na kajuh ka thymmei, watla don shibun ki jingȉapher ha ki ktien shnong hynrei ki ne ki ktien ki wan na kajuh ka tynrai ktien kaba ki khot Austro-Asiatic hapoh ka shnat Mon-Khmer.

Ki don shibun ki rukom khot ia ki Khasi kum ka kyrteng Khynriam, Pnar, Bhoi, War bad kumta ter ter, kine ki kyrteng ki long katkum ki phang ba u Khasi u shong u sah lane lah ban ong ba kine ki long ki kyrteng phang lane geographical name bala khot katkum ki phang ne jaka kaba u Khasi u shong u sah. Ka kyrteng Maram bad Jaińtia pat kadei ka kyrteng kaba iasnoh bad ka synshar hima mynshwa namar kane ka kyrteng ka kham thew ia kito kiba shong hapoh ka Hima Maharam bad Hima Jaiňtia.

Ka kyrteng War ka wan na ka kyntien pad-war kaba thew ȉa ka trai riat (bad la ju don ong ruh ha ka ktien kynnoh u War u Riat), kumta ȉa ki breiw kiba sah sha ki jaka rithem shaphang shathie marjan bad ka Bangladesh la ju khot ki War bad ka kyntien Khynriam pat ka kham thew ȉa ki briew kiba sah shaphang shatei sepngi na ka Wah Umngot, ki War Jaiňtia haduh mynta ȉa ki briew sha shiliang Umngot shaphang sepngi ki ju khot u Hynriam. Katba ka kyrteng Maram ka thew iaki khun ki hajar ka Hima Maharam, ka kyrteng Jaiňtia pat ka thew ȉa ka jaka, ȉa ki khun ki hajar ka Hima Jaiňtia ba mynnor la ju khot ruh ki Jaiňtia, ym baroh ki nongshongshnong ka Hima Jaińtia ki dei ki Khasi, ki Jaiňtia ki kynthup ia ki Khasi, ki siloti, ki Mikir ne Karbi bad kiwei de ki jaidbynriew, ȉa ki Khasi kiba sah shaphang shatei ka Hima Jaiňtia la ju khot ki Pnar bad kiba sah shaphang shathie namar ki sah sha trai riat la ju khot ki War, kyllum lang ȉa ki Pnar bad ki War jong ka Hima Jaiňtia ba mynnor la ju khot ruh da ka kyrteng Synteng.

Ȉa ka imlang sahlang jong u Khasi la seng nongrim ha ka jingdon jong ki Kur (Clans), na ka Kur lah ban tip bad sngewthuh la u ne ka briew ki dei ki Khasi ne kiwei pat ki Jaitbynriew. Kam shym don kano kano ka dak ban pruid ba lah ban pynȉapher ne ban ong kane kane ka kur ki dei u Khynriam lane kata kata ka Kur ki dei u Pnar lane kita kita ki Kur ki dei ki War, ban shu ring nuksa ȉa kane ngin shem ba u Nongrum ne kiwei de ki kur ki ba sah ha ki jaka War la khot u War, u juh biang u Kur Nongrum lane kiwei de ki Kur ki ba sah shaphang Khynriam la khot ki Khynriam bad ngin shem ruh ba u Nongrum war u dei shikur bad u Nongrum Khynriam watla ki sah ha ki phang bapher bapher jong ka Ri Khasi ne la khot iaki da ki kyrteng katkum ki phang ba ki sah. Ki kur kum ki Shylla ngin shem ba ki don ha Jaiňtia Hills bad sha ki thaiň Shella, kumjuh ki Kur Sutnga, Shullai ki la don ha ki thaiň Nongskhen naduh barim bajah. Haoid lehse ki don ki Kur kiba kham bun paid ha kawei ka bynta ne phang jong ka Ri-Khasi hynrei ka kur ka tehsong ȉa ngi da ka jingiadei kur watla ngi sah ha kino kino ki phang jong ka Ri-Khasi.

Watla ȉa ki Khasi la khot da kiba bun ki kyrteng katkum ki phang ba ki shong ki sah, ngim lah pat ban ong ba kine ki kyrteng ba la kdew haneng ki dei ki sub-tribe. U Khasi um don sub- tribe hynrei ngi long tang kawei ka Jaidbynriew.
Ki don katto katne ki Jaitbynriew riewlum ha North East India kiba don sub-tribe. Ka jinglong sub-tribe ka kham wan dur bad paw eh hapdeng ki Naga, ha kaba ki don ȉa ki sub-tribe kum ki Angami, Ao, Sema, Sumi, Konyak, Rengma, Zeliang, Lotha, Phom, Chakesang, Chang, Kiamungan bad kiwei de. Lada ngin peit bniah ngin shem ba la bynta ȉa ki Naga sub-tribe ha ki Kur (Clans). Ki sub-tribe Chang-Naga ki dei kiba naka Kur (Clan) Kangshua, Ong, Hongang bad Lamou. Katba ki Ao-Naga ki kynthup ȉa ki kur (Clan) Pongen, Longkumer, Jamir, Imchen, Walling, Longchar, bad kiwei kiwei ki naga sub-tribe ki don la ki Kur (Clans). Watla ki Naga ki sah ha ki District bapher bapher jong ka jylla Nagaland, Manipur, Assam bad Arunachal Pradesh hynrei na ka Kur (Clan) jong ki, ngi lah ban sngewthuh ba u ne ka briew ki dei ki Chang Naga ne Ao Naga ne kiwei kiwei ki Naga sub-tribe. Katba hapdeng u Khasi pat, watla ngi dei na kajuh ka Kur hynrei la khot ȉa ngi katkum ki phang ba ngi shong. U A. Nongrum u dei u War namar u sah ha ki jaka war katba u B. Nongrum u dei u Khynriam namar u sah ha ki jaka Khynriam bad u K. Nongrum pat u dei u Bhoi namar ba u shong u sah ha ka jaka ba ki khot Ri-Bhoi bad kawei kaba pyntylli pat ȉa ngi ka long ba u Nongrum na War bad u Nongrum na Khynriam bad u Nongrum na Ri-Bhoi ki dei shikur. Kumta na kane lah ban ring ne pynwan dur ba hapdeng u Khasi ym don sub-tribe.

Ha u Khasi hi la u sah ha kano kano ka bynta jong ka Ri Khasi ne shabar jong ka, lada ngi dei na kajuh ka Kur mut ngi sngewthuh ba ngi mih na ka juh ka tynrai bad bym bit ban shongkha hapdeng kajuh ka Kur (exagamous) namar ngi hiar na kajuh ka thymmei kaba u Khasi u khot ka sob ksiar (Womb) jong ka ȉawbei. Kum ka nuksa; u Nonglamin ha Jowai u thikna bha ba u dei shikur ne kajuh ka thymmei bad u Nonglamin ha Nongtalang ne bad u Nonglamin ha Pynursla ne u Nonglamin ha Nongpoh, kiwei de ki Kur ruh ki thikna bha ȉa kane kampher lada uwei u dei na Mawkyrwat bad u wei pat na Khliehriat lane wat lada ki ia jngai da ki bun pateng ruh hynrei ki ȉa long shikur khlem jingartatien.

Ka jingȉakam kur ka don ym tang hapdeng kawei ka Kur, ngi lap kynrei ki nongmuna kiba ka jingȉakamkur ka long hapdeng kawei ka kur bad kawei pat ka kur ne hapdeng kawei ka kur bad kiwei pat ki kur. Kane ka jingȉakam kur hapdeng kawei ka kur bad kawei pat ka long namar ba kita ki kur ba ȉakam ki mih na kajuh ka thymmei ne ka ȉawbei ne ba la ȉateh jutang ȉa ki ha ka niam. Kane ka jingȉakam kur kam long sbiak (confine) tang hapdeng ki Khynriam para Khynriam lane War para War lane Pnar para Pnar bad kumta ter ter hynrei ka jingȉadei shikur ka ksam (intersect) ȉa kitei ki phang jaka shong bad kane ka jingȉakam ka pynkhraw ȉa ka pyrkhat ba u Khasi um don sub-tribe hynrei u long kawei ka Jaitbynriew.
Ngi shem ba ki kur kum ki Laloo, Pyrbot (kine ki kham bun sha ki bynta shatei ka Jaintia Hills), ki Amkoi, Amdep, Pohlynjar, Pohrmen, Pohsnem, Rymbui (kine ki kham bun ki sah shaphang shathie ka Jaińtia Hills), nangta ki Marngar, Marong Pariong, ki Diengdoh nalor kiwei pat ki kur kiba ka thymmei jong ki ka long na ka ȉaw Shibedi, kine baroh ki kur shakhmat ki ȉalong shikur wat la ki sah ha ki bynta bapher bapher jong ka ri khasi ne watla la tip ȉa ki katkum ki phang ba ki sah, (ki Pnar, ki War ki Khynriam ne ki Bhoi).
Ki kur Shabong, Khyriem, Mukhim bad ki Shallam ki ȉalong shikur watla ki don napdeng kine ki Kur kiba ki dkhot jong ki ki kham bun ha Jaiňtia bad kiwei pat ha Khasi Hills. Ki Passah ngi shem ba ki bun ha Jaiňtia Hills hynrei ka kur Passah ka don ki hymmen ki para jong ka na ka kur Nongkynrih, Nongbri, Shadap (nalor kiwei pat) bad kine ki hymen ki para jong ka kur Passah ki kham bun ha Khasi Hills District.
Ki Slong, Shylla kiba ngi shem ba ki kham bun ha Jaiňtia Hills ki iakam Kur bad ki Thangkhiew kiba ngi shem ba ki kham bun ha Khasi Hills. Ka Kur Ryngksai kaba ki dkhot jong ka ki bun ha Jaiňtia Hills ki iakam Kur bad ki Khongsni, Jaktung kiba ki dkhot jong kine ki Kur ki bun ha Khasi Hills. Kumjuh ruh ki Sun bad ki Lamare ki kam ba ki wan na kajuh ka thymmei bad ki ȉadei shikur.

Ka jingiakam Kur hapdeng u Khasi ka long kaei kaei kaba phylla bad kaba kham ňiar ban shem, na kane ka rukom kam Kur ngi lah ban sngewthuh bad pynthikna ba ngi wan na kajuh ka thymmei bad ngi long kawei ka Jaidbynriew bad yn nym lah ban ong ba u Khasi bad u Jaiňtia (Pnar bad War) ki long la kajong ka Jaitbynriew kumba ka paw ha kiba bun ki jingthoh.
Nalor ka jingȉakam shikur jong ki Kur kiba don ha Khasi Hills bad Jaiňtia Hills District, ngin shem ruh ba haka ancient history ka la don ka jingleit buhai shnong da ki briew kiba na Jaiňtia Hills sha ki phang pdeng bad phang sepngi ka ri Khasi kum sha Hima Shyllong, Hima Sohra, Hima Nongkhlaw bad kiwei ki Hima ha Ri-Khasi. Ka shnong Nongblai kham haneng Pynursla (Khasi Hills) la ȉathuh ba la seng shnong ȉaka da kawei ka briew kaba la wan iaid wir na Jaiňtia bad ynda haba ka la shem jinghun ha kata ka jaka ba ka shong ka sah ka sa khot kyrteng ȉa kata ka jaka da ka Nongblai ne ka shnong u Blai (Blei). Ki Syiem Nongkhlaw kiba dei na ka Kur Syiemlieh la ong ba ka tynrai jong ki ka dei na Hima Jaiňtia ne Hima Sutnga bad ki wan na ka longȉing ki Syiem Jaiňtia. U Shahjer u la long u Syiem ba nyngkong jong ka Hima Nongkhlaw uba wan na Hima Jaiňtia na ka longȉing ki Syiem Sutnga, une u la wan buhai shnong sha Nongkhlaw lem bad ka para jong u, ka Shaphlong. Kumta haduh mynta ka don ka jingiakam Kur hapdeng ki Syiemlieh Nongkhlaw bad ki Syiem Sutnga.

Ki Syiem Sohra ruh la ong ba ka tynrai jong ki ka long na Sumer (Jaiňtia), ki khana ki ȉathuh ba la don saw ngut shipara kata u Buhsing, u Sadiang, ka Shan bad ka Jah, kine saw ngut kila ȉaidwir sha Swer na Sumer (Jaiňtia), kine ki la ioh jaka riehtngen na u Basan Swer (Basan Khad-ar shnong bad Khad-ar Blang) bad hadien ki la kylla long ki Syiem Sohra.
Ka kur Pohlong pat kaba ngi shem ba ki kham bun ha Jaiňtia Hills hynrei la ong ba kane ka kur ka mih na lum Shyllong bad nangne ki sdang ban roi kylleng kylleng bad mynta ki dkhot jong kane ka kur ki kham bun sha ki bynta shathie ka Jaiňtia Hills.
Shuh-shuh lada ngi phai sha ki Riti Dustur ba dei ia ka synshar khaddar, ngin shem ba ka rukom synshar tynrai hapdeng ki Khasi kiba sah ha Khasi Hills bad ka Jaiñtia Hills ki ia long hi kumjuh. Lada peit ia ka rukom synshar ha baroh ar kine ki kyntoit ka Rilum Khasi, ki ia long hi mar kumjuh khamtam eh ha shwa ba yn kha ia kita ki District Council. Ha ki Hima Khasi ba don la ki kyrteng bapher bad hapoh ka Hima Jaiñtia ia ka rukom synshar la phiah ha ki lai tylli ki jylli, kata; ha ki Hima la synshar hi da u Syiem ne u Lyngdoh bad kiba khraw, ia ki Raid/Raij la peit la khmih da ki Sordar (ba ki ju khot ha thain Ri-War) lane ki Lyngdoh Raid (ba ki khot ha ki katto-katne ki kyntoit) lane ki Syiem Raid (ba ki khot ha them Ri-Bhoi) ne da ki Dalloi (ba ki khot ha thain Ri-Pnar) bad khatduh eh ia ki Shnong ki thaw la peit la khmih da Rangbah Shnong ne u Sordar Shnong ne u Matabor lane u Myntri Shnong lane da Waheh Shnong. Haoid kum kawei ka jait bynriew ba bun la ki ktien Shnong ktien thain (local dilect) ngi don ka jingiapher ha ka rukom khot , ngim lah ban len pat ba wat lada don ka jingiapher ha ki rukom khot ia ki kyrteng, hynrei ka bor ka iktiar jong ki ka long kumjuh. Kumjuh ruh ha man la kitei ki jylli synshar, ngi don ruh ia kita Dorbar kum ka nongshim rai bad nongsaindur ba hakhlieh duh bad ha baroh kawei ka Ri-Khasi (Hangne Ri-Khasi kamut Riwar, Ri-Pnar, Ri-Bhoi,) ngi ia khot kyllum lang salonsar hi kum ki Dorbar.
Lada ngi ianujor ia kine ki riti dustur jong ngi ki Khasi (Khynriam, Pnar, Bhoi, War) bad ki Garo ngin shem ba kane ka la pher hi bak lbak wat lada baroh ar u Khasi bad u Garo ki dei ki jaidbynriew kiba ai jaid sha ka kmie. Ki Nokma jong ki Garo ki la iapher bak lbak na ki Rangbah shnong/Waheh Shnong jong ngi ki Khasi bad ki Garo kim ju don ia kita ki Syiem ha ki Hima, ki Sordar/Dalloi etc. ha ki Raid kumba don ma ngi ki Khasi. Da kane ngi lah hi ban ringdur shai kdar ba u Khasi ha Khasi bad Jaiñtia Hills ki dei kawei ka jaidbynriew.
Kumba la kdew shakhmat ba la seng nongrim ȉaka imlang sahlang u Khasi da ka jingdon jong ki kur bad kumba la pyni nongmuna shakhmat ȉa ka jingiakam kur kaba ksam lyngba ȉa ki phang jaka sah (geoghaphical name), kumta ka jingpyrshang (da ka jingthmu khnang ne da ka jingbymtip) ban pyniapher ȉa u Khasi bad u Jaiňtia kan lam ruh sha ka ka jingpynpharia ȉa ka jingȉalong shitylli ki kur kiba mih na kajuh ka thymmei. Kaba kum kane kan wanlam pat hadien habud sa ȉaka jingkulmar kaba khraw namar la seng nongrim ȉa u Khasi ha ka Kur.
Kumta kine ki jingkdew khyndiat ki pynkhraw ia ka phalang ba ki Jaiňtia (Pnar bad War) bad ki Khasi ki long kawei ka Jaidbynriew, ym kumba la ong da ka Riti Synshar ka India, ym kumba la thoh ha ki kot bad batai da ki katto katne ban ong ba ka Meghalaya ka don lai tylli ki major tribe, ki Garo, Khasi bad Jaiňtia. Hynrei lada ȉapeit na ka jingbuhai shnong bad ka jingȉakam Kur, u Khasi bad u Jaiňtia (Pnar bad War) ki long kawei ka Jaitbynriew. Kumta ka por ka ia ka la ih ba dei ban pynbeit noh mardor ia ki jingbakla ba don ha ka Riti Synshar ka India (Constitutional wrong) bad ha ka Presidential (Scheduled Tribes) Orders 1950 khang ba ki pateng ban wan kin ym kulmar jingmut bad kin ym shah ialam bakla hadien habud.
Shwa ban pynkut ngi don ar tylli kiba ngi sahnud bad kiba pynsyier ȉa ka jinglong shitylli ka Jaitbynriew kita ki long (i) ka jingȉalam bakla ba ka Meghalaya ka don lai tylli ki major tribe (ii) ka jingȉai pyndonkam ȉa ka kynteng Khasi-Jaiňtia ha ka jaka jong ka kyrteng Khasi.
Ngi iehnoh ha ki riewshymphang bad ki riew ieid ri ieid jaidbynriew ka Ri-Khasi ban nang pynȉar ȉa kane ka bynta. Ngi kyrmen ba ine i jingpyrshang barit in long i ba phoida ha kaba tehsong ȉaka jingȉalong shitylli kawei ka jaitbynriew.