Khasi-Jaintia State na ka bynta U Khasi-Pnar

K.P. PANGNIANG, PRESIDENT HSPDP
Ka Jaitbynriew Khasi-Pnar kaba la shong la sah da ki spahsnem ha kine ki Ri-lum Khasi-Jaintia ka hiarpateng na ka thup jaitbynriew Mongolian. Kane ka jaitbynriew ka la don lypa ka nongrim baskhem ha ka ktien ka thylliej, ka niam-ka rukom, ka kheinkur-kheinjait & kheinkha, ka jinglongtrai halor ka khyndew ka shyiap, ka synshar-bishar, ka It ka Hima ba la buh tyngkai da u Blei Trai kynrad. Ym don jingiathuhkhana pateng ba ka jaitbynriew Khasi-Pnar ka la shah jop thma ha kiwei pat ki jaitbynriew. Haba uPhareng usynshar ia ka Ri India 500 tylli tam ki Hima Ri Thor (Princely States) la pynduhnoh hynrei ha Ri Khasi-Jaintia wat la u Phareng u la ialeh thma ia u Tirot Sing bad u Kiang Nangbah na ki katto katne ki daw hynrei um shym la pynduh pyndam ia ka bor bad ka iktiar ki Hima/Elaka. U Soso Tham ha ka Kot Ki Sngi Barim u Hynniewtrep u kynthoh: “Kumba la kren u Viceroy hi kiwei pat ki patsha ki bakhraw ki la mih bad ki la dam noh na sla pyrthei ,hynrei phi phi dang sah haduh mynta”. Kane ka jingkren ka mut ba hapoh Ri India baroh kawei ym don shuh ka jingsynshar tynrai (Indigenous Rule) kumba long ki Syiemship, Lyngdohship, Wahadadarship, Sirdarship, bad Doloiship kiba dang neh haduh mynta. Hynrei u phareng u la pynbeit ia ka rukom synshar-bishar jong ki 30 syiem 12 Doloi kumne harum:-
i. 25 Khasi State (16 Syiemship/5 Sirdarship/ 3 Lyngdohship/ 1 Wahadarship)
ii. 32 British Area/Sirdarship
iii. 12 Doloiship (Non-States) mynta 19 khlieh nongsynshar (18 Doloi bad 2 Sirdar)
U phareng u la ithuh nyngkong ia ki khun ki hajar jong u Khasi-Pnar ne ka Bri u Hynniewtrep da ka jingsynshar “Cossayah Hills Political Agency” ha u snem 1835. U Political Agent banyngkong u dei u Colonel Lister uba la shimti ia ka kam Political Agent ha 11 tarik Febuary 1835 bad ka Headquarter jong u ka dei ka Sohra.

Ia ki khun ki hajar u Hynniewtrep, Ki dkhar lane ki phareng ki la tip bad ithuh da ka kyrteng “Khasia” lane “Cossayah”. Dei na kane ka nongrim ba ia ka rukom synshar khadar banyngkong u Phareng u la buh da ka Cossayah Hills Political Agency. Bad ia ka “Jaintia Kingdom” hadien ba la dkhat noh ia ka jingsynshar Syiem ha Jaintia, u phareng u la buh da ka kyrteng “Jynteah Hills”(Non-State). Bad ha u snem 1854 la pynkylla noh ia ka Cossayah Hills Political Agency sha ka Cossayah and Jynteah Hills District kaba kdup ia ka jingsynshar tang ia ka Jaintia Hills bad ki British Area/British Village katba ia ki “Khasi States” kim hap hapoh ka “Cossayah and Jynteah Hills District” namar ki hap hapoh ka jingsynshar jong u Political Officer. U Major E.A. Rowlatt u la long u Deputy Commissioner uba nyngkong eh jong ka “Cossayah and Jynteah Hills District. Haba u Thomas Jones u Missionary ka Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Foreign Missionary Society u la poi ha Sohra ha ka 18.6.1841 u la pynioh ia ka thoh ka tar Khasi kumta la pynbeit ban spel ia ka Cossayah sha ka “Khasi” bad “Jynteah“ sha ka “Jaintia”. Kane ka Foreign Mission ka la shim ruh ia ka Ktien Sohra (Cherra dialect) kum ka nongrim jong ka thoh ka tar Khasi. Ka por ka la nangiaid bad ka ktien-thoh Khasi ka la nangsan. U Missionary Rev. Angel Jones uba shong ha Jowai ka shnong baheh tam ka “Hima Jaintia” u la thaw ia ka jingrwai “Kynmaw Trai ia ka Ri Khasi”. Bad ha u snem 1897 u Missionary John Roberts u nongsdang ia ka thoh ka tar Khasi (Khasi Literature) u la thaw ia ka jingrwai ‘Ri Khasi Ri Khasi’ kaba la shim na ka sur jingrwai National Anthem jong ka Ri Wales. Ia kane ka jingrwai la pyndonkam kum ka jingrwai ieit-ri ha Ri Khasi-Jaintia.

Naduh ka 26 tarik Kyllalyngkotka snem 1950 (Republic Day) ki “Khasi States” ki la hap hapoh ka jylli treikam jong ka United Khasi-Jaintia Hills Autonomous District katkum ka paragraph 20 jong ka Sixth Schedule Constitution of India. Katkum ka Assam Reorganisation(Meghalaya) Act 1969 la ai Autonomous State ia ka Meghalaya bad katkum ka North Eastern Areas Reorganization Act 1971, la thaw ia ka Jylla Meghalaya ba pura (full fledged state) da kaba kdup lang ia ka (1) Khasi-Jaintia Hills District bad (2) ka Garo Hills District hynrei la weng noh pat ia ka Sub-Para (2) of paragraph 20 of the Sixth Schedule kaba mut ba baroh ki Hima Khasi kiba mynhyndai ne ki 12 tylli ki disputed areas ki la don shabar u pud u sam ka Jylla Meghalaya kaba long ruh katkum ka GSI map jong ka Meghalaya 2009.
Ia ka kyrteng (Nomenclature) Khasi-Jaintia la pyndonkam (officially/administratively) la palat spah snem naduh ka por ba synshar hi ki 30 Syiem bad 12 Doloi haduh ka por synshar ka Sorkar phareng(British Period) bad haduh ka por jingsynshar ka Sorkar India la tip bad ithuh kumne:-

1. Cossayah Hills Political Agency (1835)
2. Cossayah and Jynteah Hills District(1854)
3. Khasi &Jaintia Hills District (18–)
4. Federations of Khasi States (1946)
5. Khasi-Jaintia National Federated State Conference (1946)
6. United Khasi and Jaintia Hills District (1952)
7. United Khasi &Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council (1952)
   Ia ka kyntien Khasi-Jaintia la pyndonkam da ki bor synshar khadar, ki Seng niam, ki Sengbhalang etc. Haduh ka por ka jingialeh Hill State la don ki rangbah ne party ba la ai jingmut da ka Khasi-Jaintia State hynrei ngim lah peiphang pat ba kumno ka Hill State Movement kaba pyrshah ia ka Assamese official language jong ka Assam pynban ynda la ai ia ka State la ioh da ka kyrteng “Meghalaya”. Ia ka kyrteng Meghalaya la jer da u bymdei u Khasi-Pnar ne da ki Nongialeh Hill State. Kane ka kyrteng kaba mut ka “Jaka shong jong ki lyoh” (Abode of Clouds) ka dei ka kyrteng jem rngiew kaba la kah da u lyoh dum ia ka jaitbynriew Khasi-Pnar bad Garo. U L.G. Shullai ha ka kot ‘Ki Symboh History bad ka Ri Hynniewtrep’ u kynthoh kumne “ka jaitbynriew kaba la duh ia la ka Geography bad ka History la jong, kata ka jaitbynriew ka lah ban poi shaduh u pud kat haduh ba ka lah ban duh bad jah noh na sla pyrthei.”.
   Hato lah mo ban ioh Jylla biang ?
   Kane ka dei ka jingkylli kaba mih na kiba bun ba lang. Kine harum ki dei ki nongrim jingdawa ia ka Khasi-Jaintia State-
8. Ka jingpynlong ia ka jylla ha Ri India- Katkum ka State Reorganization Commission 1955 jong ka Ri India la thaw ia ki jylla bathymmai (State) halor ka nongrim jong ka ktien ka thylliej (Linguistic). Nuksa – la phiah ia ka Bombay (1) Maharashtra State ha ka ktien Marathi (ii) Gujarat State ia ka ktien Gujarati (iii) Tamil Nadu State ia ka ktien Tamil (iv) Punjab State ia ka ktien Punjabi (v) Assam State ia ka ktien Assamese (vi) Manipur State ia ka ktien Manipuri (vii) Tripura ia ka ktien Tripuri bad kumta terter.
   Ka kyrteng “Meghalaya” kam kit jingmut eiei ha kaba iadei bad ka Jaitbynriew ne ka ktien Khasi-Pnar bad Garo. Ha ka jaka Meghalaya la sngewdei ban ai da ka “Khasi-Jaintia & Garo State” kumba long ia ka Jylla Jammu & Kashmir State mynshwa.
9. Ka jingdawa Garoland : Ka jingdawa Garoland ka la sdang naduh ki snem1989 hapoh ka jingialam jong u Sonaram R Sangma. La bteng biang ia kane ka jingdawa da U Clifford Marak MLA/President ka Garo National Council ha u snem 1992. Ha u snem 2012 la thaw ia ka Garo Hills State Movement Committee ban dawa ia ka “Garoland” ha kane ka jingialang paidbah kaba la pynlong ha Tura Govt. College playground ha kaba u Bah H.S. Lyngdoh, President, HSPDP u la ia don ryngkat namar ba ka GHSMC bad ka HSPDP ki iatrei lang ryngkat ha kaba dawa ia la ka jong ka jong ka jylla. Namar kine ki ar jaitbynriew ki don la ka jong ka thymmei, ka ktien ka thylliej, ka niam-ka rukom, ka kheinkur-kheinjait, ka rukom longtrai halor ka khyndew ka shyiap, ka synshar-bishar tynrai. Namarkata, ka jaitbynriew Garo ka dei hok ban ioh noh ia ka jylla Garoland. Bad ki paid Khasi-Pnar ki dei ban ioh noh ia ka Jylla Khasi-Jaintia State katkum ki pud ki sam jong ka Ri Khasi Jaintia mynshwa (United Khasi-Jaintia Hills District) bad Garo Hills District.
10. Ka Reservation Policy: Ka jingbate ioh kam ioh jam mar 40% hapdeng ki Khasi-Pnar bad Garo kala ktah jur ia ki samla pule Khasi-Pnar. Ia kane ka sohkyrdot la shem jingeh ban loit ban law. Ka jingphiah ia ka jylla Meghalaya ha ki 2 tylli ki jylla thymmai, ka Khasi-Jaintia State bad Garoland kan weng noh shisyndon ia kane ka jingeh.
11. Ka jingiapher ha ka ktien ka thylleij- Ka ktien ka thylliej hapdeng u Khasi-Pnar bad Garo ka la iapher baklybak. Hynrei la thep lang ia ka jingsynshar khlehkhaw lang hapoh ka jylla Meghalaya. Kane ka long thik kumba pyndait jubor ia u nar bad ka ‘dewbyrtha bad ba la shu airing airup pynitynnad na shabar. Hynrei ka don pat ka jingeh ban thaw ia kiba bun ki ain kiba biang lang ia ki ar kynhun jaitbynriew.

Kumba mih ka jingiakhih pyrshah ia ka ktien Assamese ha ka por ialeh Hill state, ka lah ruh ban mih kajuh ka jingeh lada jia ryngkhat ba ym lah ban ithuh lang ha ka VIIIth Schedule ia baroh artylli ki ktien Khasi bad Garo. Kane ka lah ban wan rah jingeh ban iakren hapoh Iing Dorbar Thawain jong ka jylla Meghalaya .

U Prime Minister Nehru ha ka jingkren paidbah ha Garrison Ground ha u 1955 ha ka por ba ki jaitbynriew Ri Lum North East India ki ia dawa la ka jong ka State ban mih noh na ka Assam, u on gkumne-“Nga kwah ba ki Riewlum kin san ha la ki jong ki jong ki Riti Dustur” (I want the Hills People to grow according to their own genius). Bad hadien ba la ai sub-state ne Autonomous State ia ka Meghalaya ha u snem 1970 bad Full fledged State ha u snem 1972, ka Sorkar India ka dang iaid shaphrang ban khmih bad peit ia ka jingthaw ia ki jylla bathymmai kum ia ka Goa, Sikkim, Telengana,etc., Union Territory ia ka Jammu and Kashmir bad kumta terter. U Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi u la thung da ka Commission ba la tip kum (State Reorganisation Commission) ban jurip ia ka jingdawa jylla thymmai. Ha ka jingkren u Purno Sangma, MP ka Tura ha u snem 2006 hapoh Parliament halor ka phang “State re-organization Commission” u ong “lada ka Amerika ka don 50 tylli ki States balei ym long ba ka India kan don 50 tylli ki States ne tam kum ka largest Democratic Country haba dang don shibun ki jaidbynriew kyrpang (Indigenous people) kiba dawa jylla kyrpang. U la kdew ruh ha Ri India don 30 tylli tam ki jaitbynriew ba dawa jylla thymmai kum ka Harit Pradesh (UP) Bundelkhand (UP), Awadth (UP), Meru Pradesh (Rajasthan), ha North East India Gurkhaland, Bodoland, Karbi Anglong, Dima Hasoa, Kukiland, Didna, Khasi Jaintia State, Garoland bad kiweikiwei.” Une u rangbah u la dawa ruh ia ka Sorkar India ban shim khia bad pynstet ia ka halor ka jingdawa Jylla bathymmai.

Meghalaya Sikkim Goa
Total Area: 22,429 sq.km
Population: 29,64,007 Total Area: 7,096 sq.kms
Population: 5,70,077 Total Area: 3,702 sq.kms
Population: 14,58,545

Lada phiah ia ka Meghalaya ha ki 2 tylli ki State, ka Khasi-Jaintia State bad ka Garoland ka jingheh ki jylla bad ki jingdon briew katkum ka census 2011 kin long kumne harum:-

Khasi Jaintia State Garoland
Total Area: 13,402 sq.km
Population: 18,63,347 Total Area: 9026 sq.km
Population: 11,03,115

Naduh ka por basynshar hi ki 30 Syiem 12 Doloi haduh ka por ka jingsynshar ka Sorkar phareng la pynneh pynsah ia ka jingsynshar tynrai (traditional and customary practices) jong ka jaitbynriew. Hynrei ynda ka Ri India ka la ioh ia ka jinglaitluid na ka Sorkar phareng ha u snem 1947 la pyniasoh ia ki Khasi States bad ka Ri India lyngba ka jutang iasoh (Instrument of Accession). Sngewsih ban ong ba ka jingthaw ia ki ain da ka Constituent Assembly ia ka Riti Synshar ka Ri India ia ka bor bad iktiar tynrai (traditional and customary practices) jong ka jaitbynriew Khasi-Pnar ym shym la bsuh ha ka Sixth Schedule jong ka Riti Synshar ka Ri India kaba long katkum ki kyndon ba la iateh ha ka IOA. Ka jingthmu ba janai jong u J.J.M. Nichols Roy kum u nongsaindur (architect) jong ka Jaitbynriew Khasi-Pnar ia ka Sixth Schedule ka long ban pynneh pynsah ia ka hok tynrai ka Jaitbynriew Khasi-Pnar kumba la saindur lang da ka Federation of Khasi States bad ka Khasi Jaintia Federated Conference lyngba ka Dorbar Thaw Riti jong ki Hima Khasi ba la tip kum ka Khasi States Constitution Making Dorbar. Hynrei kaba sngewsih ka long ba ki bor bad iktiar kumba la iasoi ha ka Instrument of Accession kam rung ha ka Provision jong ka Draft Constitution of India kumba ka dei ban long
Katkum ka North Eastern Areas Reorganization Act 1971 ia ka Jylla Meghalya la ai hapoh ka Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India. Katba nang mih ki sngi ki snem ia ka bor bad ka iktiar jong ka Sixth Schedule la nang pynduh bor shuh-shuh. (1) Ka jingpynduh noh ia ka sub-para (2) jong ka Para 20 jong ka Sixth Schedule ha kaba ia ki shnong bad ki Hima kiba mynhyndai (erstwhile Khasi States)kaba khlem kdup hapoh u pud u sam jong ka United Khasi and Jaintia Hills District. (2) Ka jingbsuh ia ka paragraph 12A bad 12A(b) ha ka Sixth Schedule kaba mut ba ka Sorkar India ka la bat noh halide ia ka bor halor ka khyndew ka shyiap, ki khlaw ki btap, ki mar pohkhyndew, kiba dei ki hok nongkynti jong u paidbah. Dei na kane ka daw ba ha Meghalaya la pyntreikam ia ka (i) MMDR Act 1957 (ii) Forest Act 1973. Mynta leilei wat ia ka jingpynlong Ain ia ki ain synshar shnong (Village Adminstration) kum ia ka VAB (Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council Village Adminstration Bill, 2016) ia kaba la pass da ka KHADC bad la pdiang da ka Sorkar Meghalaya u Governor um lah ban pynlong Ain (assent) hynrei la phah pynban shaduh ka Home Ministry jong ka Sorkar India ban pynlong Ain. Ka MRSSA ruh u Governor um lah ban pynlong Ain bad ia kane ruh la phah sha ka Home Ministry jong ka Sorkar India etc. Ban pynioh biang ia ka iktiar bad ka bor synshar ka HSPDP ka la dawa sha ka Sorkar India bad ka Sorkar Jylla ban pynkylla (Amendment) ia ka Paragraph 12A(b) jong ka Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India ban weng noh ia ka kyntien “President” bad ban pynrung da ka kyntien “Governor” ha katei ka paragraph 12A (b) khnang ba ka jylla jong ngi kan lait na ka jingpyntreikam (applicability) jong kano kano ka Ain Ka Sorkar India (central law) kaba ktah halor ka hok longtrai jong ngi ia ka khyndew ka shyiap, ki khlaw ki btap bad ki riti dustur. Ia kane ka ain Sorkar India ( Central Law) ym dei ban pyntreikam hapoh ka Jylla jong ngi.

Ban pynioh pat ia ka bor bad ka iktiar ban synshar hi halor ki Riti Dustur bad ka hok longtrai mantrai jong ka Jaitbynriew Khasi-Pnar, to ngin iengtylli da kaba kyndat sharud ia ka jingiasngewpher Seng Sain Pyrthei, Hima, Niam, Balang, Sengbhalang, Sor bad kyndong, namar ka jaitbynriew Khasi Pnar ka long tang shitroh ha Ri India hynrei ban dawaban ioh noh la ka jong ka Jylla “Khasi-Jaintia State” hapoh ka Article 371 (K) Constitution of India.
Imslem u Khasi-Pnar
ImSlem Ri Khasi-Jaintia.