U Spiton Kharakor
Ka thma Nongkhlaw ka la khie ha ka 4 tarik u April 1829 hapoh ka jingïalam U Paiem Tirot Sing. La tyrwa ïasuk noh ïa U da ki Phareng ha ka 13 tarik u January 1833. Phewse ynda la leit ïa shem ïa U ha kawei ka sngi harud ka phud Um Shyllong , kawei na ki Khyndai umdih Khyndaiumtong hajan u Lum Shyllong ki la kem kynsan ïa U bad rah ïa u sha Dhaka. La set byndi ïa u haduh yn da ïap ha ka 17 u July 1835. Shwa ïa kane ki la set patok (jail) ïa u Syiem Bormanik II jong ka Hima Shyllong (Khyrim- Mylliem) tang namar ba u ïashah liang bad ïadei lok bad u syiem Tirot Sing ha ka thma Nongkhlaw. Ki la tyrwa pyllait noh ïa u na patok tang lada u treh ban soi ïa kawei ka dulir. Ynda u la soi, la thoh thok pynban ba u la ai sngewbha khlem sngewthuh ktien ïa ka Domria – 12- Bangthai kaba heh haduh 145 square mile jong ka Hima Shyllong sha ka East India Company. Kane ka la jia ha ka 15 tarik u January 1830. Hadien kata ym tip shuh shano u jah bad u khlem wan phai shuh junom.U Syiem Bormanik II mynta la sah sa tang ki jingkynmaw ieid ïa u MAW-SUM-SYIEM jong u,uba don sah haduh mynta ha ka shnong Panbari shaphang shatei lam mihngi na JORABAD bad SONAPUR jong ka Kamrup Assam. La buh tyngkai ïa utei u Maw da ki jaitbynriew Karbi ha Nis–Panbari ha ka ïing dorbar jong ki haduh mynta.
San snem hadien katei ki Phareng ki la pynhiar khet ïa u Syiem Rajendra Singh ha Jaintiapur ha ka 15 tarik u March 1835 jong ka Hima Jaintia. Ki la knieh da ka bor haduh 484 square mile ka ri thor Jaiñtia Parganas kaba heh bad la pynïasoh ïa ka sha ka Sylhet District (mynta Bangladesh ) ïa syndah pud bad ka Hima Tripura. Ki Phareng ki la ai ïa u tang da ka pension ba un bam bad u la khlad noh ha ka snem 1861. Ka sorkar Phareng ka la sdien phasi ïa u Kiang Nangbah ha ka 30 tarik u December, namar ba u la ïaleh pyrshah ïa ki. U phareng u la wanrah sha Ri Hynñiew Trep ïa ki dkhar ki kling ban wan trei kum ki Babu Bengali ha ki office Sorkar, u la wan rah de ïa ki shipai Gorkhali na Nepal ban treikam ha ka Assam Riffles . U la wan rah ruh ïa ki khar BUSHOR ban ot doh blang ban bam ma ki na ka Ri Musulman Afghanistan. Khatduh u la wan rah sa ïa ki khar sar surok ki khar sar ïing office da ki khar metor na Ri Punjab. Baroh kitei ki jaitbynriew ba wanrah u phareng ki la sngew syaid bad ki la leh trai ban puh ïa ka jaitbynriew Khasi jong ngi mynta.
Katba dang synshar ma ki haduh ka snem 1947 ki la pynrwai ha ki kot Third Reader kum ki Textbook ha ki Lower primary school jong ngi. Hana , “lawan u Phareng , la kiew u Dkhar, la suk ka Ri Khasi bad la shai ruh kdar”. Mynta pat imat ngi la ïa hap rwai kynud sur jingrwai thymmai kumne: “ La phet u Phareng, La synshar u Dkhar, La shah shoh tyndep klep u khun Hynñiewtrep, namar ngi lah shah shet”.
KA JUK SYNSHAR INDIA
Ki phareng ki la phet noh sha shilliang duriaw naduh ka 15 tarik u August 1947. Ka British India bad ki Khasi state 25 tylli ki la laitluid biang na ka jingsynshar Phareng naduh katei ka sngi. U Governor jong ka Assam province u Sir Akbar Muhammud Hydari kum u Head of State jong ka Assam province, u la wan jngoh sngewbha ïa ka office jong Ka Federation of Khasi State, Rïatsamthiah, Shillong ba la kaweh ha tyngkong da kawei ka LAMA 25- khlur ha ka 16 tarik u August 1947. Baroh ar tylli kitei ki Ri haneng ki la long Hima laitluid bad la ïoh ïa ka iktiar kum ka Sovereign State. La pdiang sngewbha ha katei ka sngi ïa U Governor jong ka Assam da U Paiem Olim Sing Syiem ka Hima Khyrim uba long ruh u President ka Federation Of Khasi state ha kajuh ka por.
Khatkhyndai tylli ki Hima Khasi States ki la pynïasoh bad ka Ri Indïa nyngkong eh ha ka 15 tarik u December 1947. Kata ka mut ba naduh ka 15 tarik u August 1947 haduh ka 14 tarik u December 1947 ki la long laitliud khlem shah synshar hano hano ruh kum ki Sovereign State haduh 122 sngi ne saw bnai pura eiei. Kiwei ki Hima ki la pynïasoh bad ka Ri India kham hadien. Ka Hima Nongstoiñ ka la pynïasoh khatduh eh bad ka Ri India bad kata ka dei ha ka sngi 19 tarik u March 1948. Ki la pynïasoh ïalade bad ka Ri India baroh lyngba ka Instrument of Accession bad ka Annexed Agreement (ban long kyrpang kum ka Kashmir State hapoh ka Article 370 jong ka Constitution ka Ri India. Maitang maipap kim shim la mon pynïasoh bad ka hima musulman Pakistan. La mynjur ïa katei ka jing pynïasoh jong ki sha India da u Chakravarty Rajgopalachari u Governor General ka India ha ka 17 tarik u August 1948 ryngkat ki Muhor de. Tang kane kawei ki Khasi States kim shim la treh ne soi ïa ka Instrument of Merger badno badno ruh wat haba la pynbor ïa ki.
Ha ka snem 1949, la pynlong ïa ka Dorbar Saiñ Riti lyngba ka Khasi State Constitution Making Dorbar ha Dinam Hall, Jaïaw,Shillong. Ha ka 21 tarik u July 1949 U Paiem Sirendro jong ka Hima Jirang, u la pynrem ïa ka “Motion” jong u Rev. J.J.M Nichols-Roy ba kwah pynïasoh eh bad ka Assam ryngkat ka Sixth Schedule. U Syiem Jirang u la tyrwa ïa ki Khasi State ban pynrung ha ka First Schedule ban lait na ka Assam bad ruh ban ïoh rung ha ka Annexed Agreement. U la ïoh ïa ka jingjop bad la kyrshan ïa u da ki 46 ki dkhot bad U Rev J.J.M Nichols- Roy u la shah rem bad u la ïoh tang 40 votes. La pynïaid ïa katei ka dorbar saiñ Riti da u Dr Homiwell Lyngdoh kum u Chairman.
Phewse, ynda la pynjari ïa ka Constitution of India ha ka 26 tarik u January 1950 la shah shet kylla ki Khasi state pynban. Ym tang ba la pynduh First schedule ïa ki hynrei la ngiat sha ka Sixth schedule (bym don bor) bad la thep ïa ki ha ka Assam Province. Imat kane ka long tang namar ba ki soi ïa ka Instrument Of Association. Kane ka dei ka jingshet shukor ba nyngkong eh jong ka Sorkar India ïa ka jait bynriew U Khun Hynñiew Trep.
KA JUK SYNSHAR ASSAM
Naduh ka snem 1950 haduh 1971 la shong kulai da ka sorkar Assam halor ki Khun Hynñiew Trep. Nyngkong eh ki la knieh ïa ka BLOCK I bad BLOCK II na ka Jowai civil- Sub–Division jong ka United Khasi-Jaiñtia Hills haduh 596 square miles ne 1543 square kilometer. La ai sngewbha da ka Assam ïa kitei ki Block ar tylli sha ka United Mikir & North Cachar Hills mynta (Karbi-Anglong) ha ka snem 1951. Ki nong mihkhmat M.L.A sha ka Assam Legislative Assembly ha kita ki por na (U) K & J Hill ki long:1. U Ma Larsing Khyriem 2. Kong Bonnily Khongmen (women Seat) 3. Rev J.J.M Nichols- Roy ba long Cabinet Minister ka Assam.
Ha ka 26 tarik u June 1952, u Mr Saint John Perry, Deputy Commissioner (U) K&J Hills, u la pynjari ïa ka aiñ Section 144 Cr. PC ha ka Nongbah Shillong baroh kawei. Mar kumta hi u Bah Oscar M.Wahlang bad u Rangbah C. Delington Khyllep ki la ïa mareh sha Shillong Telegraph Office bad la phah telegram sha u Prime minister ka Indïa U Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru sha New Delhi. Kiwei pat ki la leit ïashem ïa u Chief Minister ka Assam u Bishnu Ram Medhi M.Sc., B.L .,ban ïakren.Kiba la leit ïa kynduh ki long U Bah Hoover Hynniewta, Stephan Lyngdoh, L. Gillbert Shullai, P.R Mawthoh bad Kong Lina Adell Laloo. Hynrei katei ka jingleit ïa kynduh jong ki kam shym la seisoh bad u Medhi ym shim la treh ban weng ïa ka aiñ Section 144 Cr.PC na Shillong.
Kumta ka jingïapyrshah Sorkar Assam ka la jia ha ka 27 tarik u June 1952. Ki la rah Lama Iong naduh surok Jaïaw shaduh Mawkhar lyngba ka Black-Flag Demonstration. La pynsangeh noh ïa ki da ki pulit. La siat Tear Gas da ki pulit ha surok Mawkhar ha pyrshah Dukan I Kong Elibon Marbaniang . La kem ïa U Bah Hoover Hynñiewta bad 43 ngut ki Rangbah bad kynthei la leit rah bad set ïa ki sha patok.
Namar ba la duh ïa ka Khasi State ha ka snem 1950. Te ki rangbah ba ïa pyrshah bad ïashah SIXTH SCHEDULE ki la ïa leit mareh lang sha ka Tura Conference ha ka snem 1954 ban dawa Hill State. Ka seng Eastern India Tribal Union ka la ïaleh nyngkong eh ïa ka Hill State. U Rangbah Hoover Hynñiewta da ka shap ne symbol U “Syiar Ryngkuh” u la kynih ban dawa Hill State ha Lok Sabha ha ka snem 1957 ha ka por ba long Prime Minister U Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. Hynrei u la shah shet kylla ha u Capt W.A.Sangma jong ka Garo National Council namar ka la leit pynïasoh bad ka Assam Cabinet jong ka Assam Congress. U la ïoh bat kum U Cabinet Mininter ha ka T.A.D. bad Transport Dept ka Assam. La pjah slam ka ïakhih Hill State. Hynrei ka shongshit biang ban ïaleh Hill State naduh 1960 pyrshah ktien Assamia haduh 1971.
Hynrei ka A.P.H.L.C ka ïapbiej noh ïa ka Autonomous State Meghalaya ha ka snem 1968 bad ka la pdiang Autonomous State ha ka snem 1970. U President ka District A.P.H.L.C. U Rangbah Brington Buhai Lyngdoh u la beh seng [expelled] ïa U Rangbah Hoping Stone Lyngdoh na ka seng A.P.H.L.C.Te, u General Secretary ka A.P.H.L.C. (U)K&J hills u dei u Rangbah Archibald B Pugh (Bah Bought). Une u Rangbah u la sngewsih kthang halor ki kynrum kynram ha ka seng A.P.H.L.C. Kaba sngewsih ka long, ba la lap ïa ka metïap jong u Rangbah Archibald B Pugh ha ka thwei jong ka Kshaid Sunapani ha ka 4th tarik u July 1968 ha Lumkshaid ,Mawprem ,Shillong.
Bun phew ngut ki volunteers H.S.P.D.P ki la shah jingit bad thïah miet ha ka 14th bad 15th tarik u April 1968 ha khyrdop jong ka Raj Bhavan, Shillong. La ïalam ïa katei ka jingshah jingit da ki lai ngut Ki rangbah H.S.P.D.P hapoh ka jingïalam u Rangbah Brein Bareh, Richard M Toi bad Rijoy Sing Khongshah. Tang ki Congress kim shym la treh ban ïaleh Hill State, bad ki la leit ïakynduh ïa u Prime Minister ka Indïa ha ka 16 tarik U June 1966 ban dawa ïa ka Khasi –Jaiñtia State kum ka jylla pura la kajong. Hynrei wat ki la ïaleh election sha ka District Council Election ha ka snem 1967, la shem pat baroh 24 ngut ki candidate MDC ki la rem lut baroh khoit. Te ki la keiñ noh ïa ki jingdawa Khasi –Jaiñtia state namar ki paitbah ki la kyntait bad mon ïa ka Hills State.
KA JUK MEGHALAYA BA PURA-
Ka Indira Gandhi ka la wan plie ïa ka Meghalaya State ba pura ha ka 20th January ha Madan Polo ha khmat u paidbah da plak . Ha ka miet shiteng synñia 20th bad 21st January la pynsawa da ki jingtied baje ba sngewtynnad ha ki ïingmane Presbyterian , Roman Catholic, Church Of God bad kiwei kiwei de ki ing mane ha Shillong ki la pdiang burom ïa ka Meghalaya kum ka jylla ba pura naduh katei ka miet shiteng synñia. Ka juk para riewlum ka la sdang. U Capt W.A Sangma u la pdiang sngewbha ïa ki para riewlum jong ka North Eastern India kum la ki jong. Hangne harum ka long ka Schedule Tribe lists jong ka Meghalaya ba la mynjur da ka sorkar India ha ka snem 1977. Ki lah ban thied jaka katba mon ha ka Bri U Hynñiew Trep bad ka Meghalaya baroh kawei. Ka kyrteng kita ki Schedule Tribe ki long:
1. Chakma (na Bangladesh) 2. Dimasa (na Assam) 3. Garo 4. Hajong (na Bangaladesh) 5. Hmar (na Manipur& Mizoram) 6. Khasi, Jaiñtia, Synteng, Pnar, Bhoi,Lyngngam 7. Kuki (37 jaitbynriew na Manipur) 8. Lakher (na Mizoram) 9. Man (na Assam) 10. Any Mizo tribes/Lushai (na Mizoram) 11. Mikir (na Assam & Meghalaya) 12. Any Naga Tribes (na Nagaland,Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh bad Assam) 13. Pawi (Mizoram) 14. Synteng, ba la kynthup biang ha ka sl.no 6 haneng. 15. Boro Kachari (na Assam) 16. Rabha/ Ravi (na Assam).
Ha ka snem 1991, U Chief Minister Meghalaya u la pynthymmai biang ïa ka Meghalaya Land Transfer Amendment Act. La shah ïa kiwei ki jaitbynriew ba kin wan thied jaka ha Meghalaya kat ba ki mon. Ki la pdiang sngewbha ïa u dkhar u kling ban wan seng karkhana , wan seng skul, college bad university. Haduh mynta ka Meghalaya ka la plie haduh khyndai tylli ki Private University ba la mynjur da ka Meghalaya Legislative Assembly. Nangta la shah mon sngewbha ban wan plie ïa ki ïingmane Blei kum ki Temple, Church bad Mosque. Ki lah ban thied jaka katba mon ban pynheh ïa ki karkhana, ki jaka pule bad ki Iing niam khlem da buh pud shuh (ceiling). Mynta ki Dkhar ki lah krih sha Meghalaya bad ki Trai Ri Meghalaya ki la khot sngewbha JOLDI- AAW ïa ki Dkhar.
Ynda la ïoh Jylla Meghalaya ruh, ka Assam ka la ïa wan tap-pud sha Meghalaya haduh kine ki sngi ruh. Ka Sorkar Meghalaya ka shu shah kum ka ksew pyndem tdong. Kam ju nud ruh ban phah pulit ne ujor pyrshah ïa ka Assam sha ka Supreme court of India. Ki pulit Assam ki la wan sha Langpih West Khasi Hill. Ki la siat ïap saw ngut ki Rangbah briew ha ka 14 tarik u May 2010. Ka kyrteng jong kiba la ïap ki long: 1. U Kolumbus Hujoon (umyiap) 2. U Charles Lyngkhoi (Mawlan) 3. U Benis Nongsiej (Mawsikar) 4. U Ekros Rani (Mawdiangsnam). Hynrei yn leh kumno ba uwei u Minister Rangbah ka Meghalaya U la dei kthaw kurim ïa u Khar Musulman bad kumjuh ruh u dei kynum trai ïa u khar Hindu ha ka juh ka por. Tang pher tiak ka lah ban khie ka thma poh ïing jong utei u Minister Rangbah. Buh shuwa sha rud ïa ka Khasi Social Custom Lineage Act ba la phah da u Rangbah Hispreaching Son Shylla bad 29 ngut ki MDC jong Khasi Hills Autonomous district Council.
KYNTANG ÏAWAI
U Prime Minister Narendra Modi u kham ieid ïa ki rit paid Bangladesh ban ïa ki rit paid shatei lam mihngi ka India. La dep pass ha ka 8 tarik u January ïa ka Citizenship Amendment Bill ha Lok Sabha ban pynlong aiñ ha India. Ha Bangladesh don 162 million ki nongshongshnong. Ki Bengali Musulman ki don 157 million. Ki Hindu ki don 14 million bad kiwei ki rit paid ki don 1 million. Ha North- east India don 45 million ki nongshongshnong ha hynñew tylli ki jylla kat kum ka census 2011. Ha Assam don u paidbah nongshongshnong haduh 31 million. Tang ki khar Assamese paka ki don tang 15 million. Kiwei pat 16 million kum u Bengali muslim ha Assam u la long u heh paid ha ki 11 tylli ki district na ki 31 district Assam. U la bun paid haduh 34% ha Assam.
Katkum ka Election Reports 2018 la ïathuh ba don haduh 3 million shiteng ne 35 lak u paidbah ha Meghalaya mynta. U Paid khasi ba ïar u don tang 14 lak, 11 hajar bad 755 ngut. Ki dkhar ba wan buhai shnong nabar Jylla ki don haduh 11lak shiteng ngut bad u Garo u don 9 lak shiteng ngut. La long rit paid u Khasi mynta ha Meghalaya. Ki khasi ha Assam ki don 15,936 ngut bad ha Bangladesh ki don 85120 ngut.
Balei u Narendra Modi u shongshit ban pynrung shnong ïa ki rit paid Bangladesh. U la ïohi ba lada 10 million ki Bangladesh Hindu kin wan sha Assam, te ki khar Assamese kin sa kut. Kiwei pat lada 4 million ki wan rung shnong sha Meghalaya, te u Khasi 14 lak yn sa wai ki sngi kumba la jia ïa ki riewlum Tripura mynta. U ieid thoiñ thoiñ namar ba ha ka Barak valley ka ïoh arngut ki M.P Bengali, na Tripura ruh un ïoh iwei Bengali M.P bad na West Bengal un ïoh haduh 42 ngut ki M.P Bengali.
Ka jingïoh biang jong u ïa ka kam P.M ka shong khamtam lada u ïoh kham bun ki M.P B.J.P lyngba ki khar Bengali. Mynta ki khar Bengali ki don haduh 88 million ha India ne 8.10% ka jingbunbriew ha ka Ri. Te,U kham burom ïa ki heh paid namar ki dei kita ki ‘THE TYRANNY OF THE MAJORITY’. La peit ibeiñ ïa ki rit paid jong ka India, kumba ong noh ‘ TO BE MINORITY IS A CRIME (JINGTIM). HA KANE KA JUK SYNSHAR PAITBAH BAD DICTATOR MAJORITY HA INDIA MYNTA ka long ka ba sngew triem’.
U Rangbah Hedronell Nonglait (bam kwai ha dwar u Blei) na Lumparing u la thaw jingrwai bad pynrwai naduh ka thma bah ba ar 1939-45 ter ter. Hato don mo ei-ei ban kren ne kyrsiew ha kine ki por?
“TO ÏA TYLLI LANG KO KHUN KA RI”.
“Ko para Khasi khun u slap u thah,
Khun ki khyndai bah ryntieh para donnam u ramhah.
Mano ban thombor ïa jinglaitluid ba shlur jong phi?
Em, ym don nongshun u ban prat ïa pud jong ngi.
Ko Para Khasi ba bat Hok bad Riti,
Bat Hok ha la mynsiem, waitlam ha la kti.
Ïa burom u Longshuwa to pynpaw ma phi ma nga,
Ban ïeng ha la ka hok ha ka ktien ha ka thma.
To ïeng tylli ko khun ka Ri nongshun la ha jingkhang,
Ieng hok mynsiem bad khraw tyrpeng ngin ïa ïap ïa im lang.
Spah hajar ka jongno ba ngi bat kai shipor,
Burom seh pateng pakit ka iwbih barabor;
Nongshun sa tang shi pda wait un rung hapoh rympei,
Lada ngim ïa tylli spah, burom kan lehnohei.”