B.M Pugh
[ba bteng] Um da long bha eh ha Assam bad Bengal, bad kumta um lah ban long bha ha ri Khasi-Jaintia
U dai muk (Phaseolus radiatus) uba ki khot ha ka ktien Hindustani ‘mung’ u long uba ngi ju shem ha ki bun ki bynta jong ka ri India. U long u dai uba ha Punjab bad ha United Provinces ki kham sngewbha ban bam. Ia une u jingthung ki ju thung ha ki khyndew kiba kham khleh shyiap tangba ki lah ban bat ia ka um. Ki thung kumba 4 ser u symbai ha ka shi ekar, bad ki ju ioh kumba 4 mon u symbai na uba ki lah ban shna dai.
U dai mati kalai (Phaseolus mungo) uba ki khot ha ka ktien Hindustani ‘urd’ bad ha ka ktien Phareng ‘black gram’, u long uba iasriem eh ia u dai muk; hynrei u symbai jong u mati kalai u long bunsien uba iong bad u jong u dai muk u long uba jyrngam – dei na kata ka daw ba ki Phareng ki khot ia u dai muk ‘green gram’- lane u ba stem. Une u dai u long uba ki kham thung eh ha Punjab bad uba ki kham bam bha ruh ha kata ka jylla jong ka ri India. U jingthung ruh u long uba iasriem ia u dai muk ha ki bun rukom; ha ka dur ka dar bad ha ka rukom thung ruh, hynrei u long uba kham bun ki shniuh ha ka met jong u baroh shi rynnieng, naduh u jyntang haduh ki sla bad u soh. Ki ju thung kumba 4 ser u symbai shi ekar bad ki ju ioh kumba 5 mon u symbai.
U dai motor ( Pisum arvense) u long lehse uba kim ju kham tip ha ri Khasi-Jaintia. Une u jingthung u long uba ia jan bha ka jingiadei bad u motor kper (Pisum sativum) bad uba ngi tip bha ha ri Khasi-Jaintia. Utei u motor na uba ki shna dai pat, u long uba ki shait thung sha ki lyngkha lum bad namarkata ki ju khot kyrteng ia u ha ka ktien phareng ‘field pea’ (kynnoh ‘phil pi’). U motor kper u don u syntiew uba lieh, hynrei u motor lum u don u syntiew uba saw jngum (purple). Une u jingthung u long kham bha ha ki khyndew kiba kham dait, kata ka khyndew lam dew ktieh, hynrei um lah ban long ha ka jaka kaba ktieh, kata ha ka jaka kaba lang um. Ka khyndew ka dei tang ban shu sngem. Ki ju thung ia u da kaba shu thung bret (broadcasting) kumba shi mon u symbai ha ka shi ekar, bad hadien kata ki sa tap ia u da kaba ring da ka lyntang (planker) lane da kaba trud ksam (harrow) ia ka khyndew.
U rymbaija (Phaseolus calcaratus) u long uwei pat u jingthung uba ki ju thung bha ha ka ri Khasi-Jaintia. U rymbaija u don u soh uba kham rit ban ia u ‘cowpea’ (kynnoh kawpi), bad u symbai ruh u long uba kham rit ia u jong u kawpi. Ki sla bad ki syntiew jong u ruh ki iasriem ia u kawpi, tangba u syntiew jong u rymbaija u stem lane sawbthuh, lane u long saw jingum kum u syntiew jong u kawpi. Une u jingthung u long ruh uba iasriem eh ia u kawpi ha ka rukom ba ki pyndonkam ia u; kata lah ban pyndonkam ia u kum u jingthung uba tap ia ka khyndew (cover crop), khnang ban iada ia ka khyndew na kaba tuid (soil erosion); lane lah ban thung ia u khnang ban tep kylla ia u hapoh khyndew khnang ban pynshoh ia ka khyndew. Hynrei ha ri Khasi-Jaintia une u long u jingbam uba kongsan tam, lait na ki dai kiba ki ioh na ri dkhar, uba ai ia kata ka jaid jingbam kaba ki khot ha ka ktien phareng ka ‘protein’ (kynnoh protin) kaba long ka jingbam kaba tei ia ki dohksah. Nga ngeit ruh ba une u long u jingthung uba ngi dei ban thung khambun, khamtam ban pynsboh ia ki kper soh namar u long u jingthung uba don kata ka protin kaba don shibun ka naitrojen.
U rymbai ktung (Soya bean) (Soya max lane Glycine soja lane Glycine max) u long u jingthung uba don kylleng ki ri kiba shaphang mihngi lam shatei jong ka ri India, kum ka ri China, Japan, Manchuria bad kiwei kiwei. Ha kine ki khyndiat snem kiba hadien u la roi bha ha ka ri Amerika ruh. Ki thung ia une u jingthung khamtam na ka bynta ka umphniang kaba ki lah ban ioh na u symbai jong u; hynrei ki thung ruh ia u na ka bynta u symbai uba ki bam kumba bam ia ki dai baroh. Ha ri China bad Japan ki pynmih dud bad bun kiwei kiwei ki kynja jingbam na u symboh jong une u jingthung. La ong ruh ba ki pynmih wat ka jri na u. Hooid, ki jingdonkam kiba mih na une u jingthung ki long kiba bun katta katta ba ka long kaba eh ban niew kyrteng lut ia ki baroh. Ka rukom thung ia une ka long syriem ia u rymbaija.
Ha kaba kut ngan shu ong kyllum ba ki dai baroh ki long ki jingthung kiba bun bha ka naitrojen bad namarkata ki long ki jingthung kiba pynbha ia ka khyndew. Bad namar ba ki long kiba bun ka protin ki long ruh ki jingbam kiba iasriem ia ka doh ki mrad baroh. Dei namarkata ka daw ba ki nong India kim ju kham bam doh hynrei ki bam kham bun da ki kynja dai. La katta ruh ka protin na ki jhur kam long kaba iaryngkat bad ka protin na ka doh.
LYNNONG – 15 U KYNPHAD, U SAINALIA BAD U SAIHON (COTTON, JUTE AND SUNNHEMP) U Kynphad u long uwei na ki jingthung kiba donkam tam ha ka pyrthei namar u long u jingthung uba pynmih ia u kynphad na uba ki thir ksai bad thain jain. Ki ri kiba kham rep bun eh u kynphad ki long kine ter-ter : Ka United States of America, ka India, ka Russia bad ka Egypt. Une u jingthung u long uba ki la thung da ki bun hajar snem ha ka pyrthei namar u long uba kongsan tam na ki kynja ksai (fibres) uba ka pyrthei ka pyndonkam ban thain jain. Don bun jaid ki kynphad; don kito kiba mih nyngkong nyngshap ha ka ri America (American continent), don pat kito kiba imat ki mih nyngkong ha Africa, bad imat don pat kito kiba mih lang ha Asia bad ha Africa. Na kine ki jaid kiba ngi shem ha ka pyrthei baroih kawei, don saw jaid (species) kiba ki thung mynta ha ri India: ar na ka pyrthei thymmai bad ar pat na ka pyrthei rim. [yn dang bteng]
Phi don ban ong eiei?