B.M Pugh
[ba bteng] Ha kane ka lynnong ngan shu thoh kyllum ia kito kiwei pat ki jingthung lum (field crops) kiba ngi shem ha ri Khasi-Jainita, hynrei kiba ym da long kiba donkam kum kitei kiwei kiba nga la thoh ha ki lynnong kiba shuwa. Ki jingthung kiba nga kwah ban thoh ha kane ka lynnong ki long ki krai, u sohriew bad ki dai.
Ki Krai
Don bun jaid eh ki krai ha ka pyrthei, bad don ruh bun jaid ha kane ka ri India. Ka ri Khasi-Jaintia ruh ka don katto-katne ki krai kiba ki nongrep ki ju thung, bad kita ki long kine, U ‘rai truh (Eleusine coracan) uba ki khot ruh ha ka ktien phareng ‘finger millet’, u ‘rai-soh (Setaria italica) uba ki khot ruh ha ka ktien phareng ‘fox tail millet’ lane ‘Italian millet’, u raishan (Panicum miliaceum) uba ki khot ha ka ktien phareng ‘broom corn millet’.
Shuwa ba ngan batai shaphang kine ki krai kiba ki ju thung ha ri Khasi-Jaintia, ngam banse ban ong ei ei ia kitei ki kyrteng kiba jrong kiba ha ki dak Italics. Ki jingthung baroh ha ka pyrthei ki don la ki jong ki kyrteng saians. Ia kine ki kyrteng la jer nyngkong da u riewstad uba batai nyngkiong ia uta u jingthung. Ka kyrteng kaba ki jer ka long barobor ha ka Latin, bad kane ka long ka kyrteng kaba ki tip ha kylleng ka pyrthei baroh kawei. Nga la pyrshang ban kiar na kaba ai kine ki kyrteng kiba jrong namar ngam kwah ba kan ialam jingmut noh ia u nongrep na kaba nga kwah ia u ban tip, kata kumno ban pynroi ia la ka jingrep; hynrei ngam banse ban ai kyrteng da kitei ki kyrteng kiba thikna, namar lah ban don kiba kwah ban tip ngi kren shaphang uno u jaid jingthung. Ka kyrteng phareng bunsien kam biang namar ba wat ha ka ktien Phareng habadei-badei ki khot da ki bun ki kyrteng ha la ki jaka-jaka. Kata watla ki kren da ka ktien phareng ha Amerika, lane ha South Africa, lane ha Australia, lane ha Bilat hi, hynrei ki lah ban ai la ki jong ki kyrteng. Hynrei kitei ki kyrteng saians ki long kiba baroh kawei ka pyrthei ka tip, naduh u Shaina haduh u Japan, u Jerman, ne uno-uno u jaid bynriew. Don ruh, kumba ki nongpule ki lah ban iohi hangtei haneng, ki jingthung ki bym don kyrteng ha ka ktien phareng namar ba uta u jingthung um don ha Bilat, lane ki nong Bilat kim pat jer kyrteng ia u ha ka ktien jong ki.
U ‘rai truh (Eleusine coracana) u long u krai uba kham kynrei eh ha kane ka ri India. Ki kham thung bha eh ia u ha Madras ha kaba ki khot ia u, u ‘ragi’. Ki ju thung ruh shibun ia u ha ki ri lum jong ka jylla United Provinces ha kaba ki khot ia u, u ‘marna’. Une u jingthung, kum ki krai baroh, u long ha ki jaka ha kiba ka khyndewkam da long eh kaba sboh, kum ha ki khyndew maw; hynrei lada thung ia u ha ki jaka sboh u lah ban mih kham bun. Na ki krai baroh kiba don ha ri Khasi-Jaintia, une u long uwei uba ki kham rep bha. Ia une u krai lah ruh ban thung na ki sara. Lada thung sumar ia u, u lah ban pynmih haduh kumba 12 haduh 14 mon na ka shi ekar, hynrei ha ki bun ki jaka khyndew maw u lah ban pynmih tang kumba shiteng ia kata. Ha ki por nemsniew, une u long uwei na ki jingbam uba bit eh ban rep namar ki khniang kim ju kham bam ia une haba buh slem ia u, kumta ba lah ban buh ia u da ki bun snem. U long ruh kum kiwei ki krai uba lah ban ioh soh kloi, namar ka shim tang kumba lai ne saw bnai ia une u jingthung naduh ka por ba thung ia u haduh ka por ban ot ia u. Une u krai u long uba kham eh ban tylliat ha ka kpoh, hynrei u long u jingbam uba bha namar u don shibun ka kalsiom, kata ka met tynrai kaba long shibynta na ka shun, bad u don ruh shibun ka carotene (kynnoh karotin) kaba don shibun ka vitamin A, bad u don ruh ka vitamin B. Kine ki vitamin ki long ki kynja met kiba donkam eh na ka bynta ka jingkoit jingkhiah u briew. Ha Punjab bad ha ka jylla United Provinces ki ju shna ata na u symboh jong une u krai bad ki sa shet chapati ia u kumjuh kumba ki leh ia u ata kew na u. Don ruh kiba shet kiad na une u krai. Ia ka jyndem kaba ioh na kaba shet kiad ki ai sniang lane masi. U jyntang na u met jong u ruh u long uba ki ju ai masi.
U ‘rai-soh’ (Setari italica) u long kumba nga la ong haneng, uba ki khot ha ka ktien phareng ‘fox tail’ lane ‘Italian millet’. Ha ka ktien Hindustani ki khot ia une u kukun. Une u long u jingthung uba la thung da ki bun hajar snem ha kane ka ri India bad ha ri China ruh. U rai-soh u long u jingbam uba bha shibun: lah ban shna kpu lane ban shet ‘porridge’(ka kynja jingbam kaba ki phareng ki ju bam mynstep bad kaba ki shu shet thai um bad sa khleh shini bad dud ia u). Ki ong ba kaba bam ia u ne u krai ka pynshit ia ka met. Don ar jaid ki symboh: uwei uba liehstem (straw yellow), Ia une u krai ki kham thung ha ki khyndew kiba kham seisoh harud nong. Une u krai u long uba ringpah bha ia ki sim. Ha Bombay ia une u krai ki thung habadei-badei khnang ban bsa ia ki jingri; haba ki leh kumta ki lah ban ioh kumba 60 mon u jingbam masi na ka shi ekar. Lada thung na ka bynta ka jingbam masi, kata dei ban thung kumba 6 ser shi ekar u symbai hynrei lada thung na ka bynta u symboh, kata tang 3 ser u shymbai shi ekar la biang. Une u jingthung ruh u long uba mih kloi katta-katta.
U ‘rai shan (Panicum miliaceum) u long uwei pat u krai uba don ha ri Khasi-Jaintia. Une u krai u don u rynjub syntiew (inflorescence) uba iasriem ia u kba, tangba ki symboh jong u ki long kiba rit bha kum ki jong kitei ki krai ba la thoh haneng. Ki phareng ki khot ia u u ‘broom corn millet’, kata u krai synsar, namar u rynjub syntiew jong u lynnai lane u kdait. Une u krai u lah ban long wat ha ka khyndew kaba duna shikatdei ka sboh. Ha ri khasi mynta u kham long sha ri lum (5000-6000 ft). Une u krai u kham shim por duna ban long ban ia kitei kiwei pat ki krai. U stait uba sop ia u symboh jong une u krai, um long ruh uba shitom ban weng kat u jong u rai truh. Ynda u la ih ki shu synrut ia u skop uba don bad u symboh bad hadien katto-katne sngi ki sa pyniakhlad ia u symboh na u stait. Une u krai ruh u long uba ki sim ki ieit eh. [yn dang bteng]
Phi don ban ong eiei?