B.M Pugh
[ba bteng]Lada ki ar jaid ki iapoikha khleh, kata lada u masi shynrang na kawei ka jaid u iapoikha bad ka masi na kawei pat ka jaid (breed) kaba ai phra ser shi sngi, kaba mih na kane ka long ba ki khun kynthei kiba mih na katei ka jingiapoikha ki ju kham ai dud shibun ban ia ka kmie lane kino-kino ki kmie na kata ka jaid. Kane ka jinglong ka neh tang ha ka pateng kaba nyngkong. Kum ia kane ka jinglong kaba ngi khot ‘hybrid vigour’ ha ka ktien phareng. Kumta ka long kaei-kaei kaba ki ju leh ha ri Amerika ban pyniapoikha hapdeng ar jaid ki riewhadem, kumta ba ki khun kiba mih na kane ka jingiapoikha ki long kiba kham bha bad kham khlain ban ia ki kmie ki kpa. Ngin batai hangne kumno ki leh ia kane khnang ba ki nongrep kiba peitmat ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ruh ki lah ban pyrshang ban pynmih kum uta u symbai uba lah ban pynmih ki jingthung riewhadem kiba kham bha. Ka jingkhaii ia ki symbai kiba kum kine ka long kaba myntoi shibun ha ka ri Amerika.
Tharai mynta ba don ar jaid ki riewhadem, u ‘A’ bad ‘B’, bad kiba ngi la shem ba lada kine ki ar jaid ki iapoikha, kata ki khun jong ki ki kham bha ban ia u ‘A’ lane u ‘B’, ia kine ki ar jaid ki riewhadem ngin thung ha kane ka rukom. Ia u riewhadem ‘A’ ngi thung ha kawei ka lyngkha kaba la jngai na kiwei pat ki riewhadem, kumta ba u symbai jong u un iong borobor u bym iakhleh bad kiwei. Ha kawei pat ka lyngkha ngi thung khleh ia kitei ki ar jaid ki riewhadem kumne; ha uwei u lain ngi thung ia u ‘A’, ha uwei pat u lain ngi thung ia u ‘B’, bad kumta ter-ter baroh shi lyngkha. Ha ka por phuh syntiew pat, ia ki symphiah jong u ‘A’ ngi ngor noh kumta ba sah tang u syntiew kynthei. Kumta u ‘A’ u lah ban iapoikha tang bad u ‘B’ uba iapoikha marjan bad u. Hynrei u ‘B’ pat um lah ban iapoikha bad u ‘A’ namar la ngor noh ia ki syntiew shynrang jong u ‘A’, kumta u ‘B’, la u iadon marjan bad u ‘A’ ruh u shu sah hi u ‘B’. Ia ki symbai riewhadem kiba ngi ioh na u riewhadem ‘A’ na kane ka lyngkha kaba ar ngi iohi namarkata ba ki long kiba shiteng jaid, bad kine ki lah bunsien ban pynmih ki riewhadem kiba kham bha ban ia u ‘A’ lane u ‘B’. Hynrei ngi dei ban leh ia kane man ka snem. Ngi dei ban buh ia u ‘A’ bad u ‘B’ la ka jong ka jong, namar ki ksiew na u ‘A’ bad u ‘B’ kim long kiba kham bha ban ia u ‘A’ lane u ‘B’. Ia u riewhadem uba ngi ioh da kaba leh kumtei ki khot ha ka ktien phareng ‘hybrid maize’ lane, u riewadem shiteng jaid.
Ki Jaid Riewhadem
Don bun ki jaid ki riewhadem; hynrei ia kine ki jaid riewhadem baroh kiba ki ju kham thung la buh ha ki san tylli ki klas (class) kumne: (1) u riewhadem pyrthiew(pop maize), (2) u riewhadem jem (soft maize), (3) u riewhadem shini (sugar maize), (4) u riewhadem lynghong thliew (dent maize), (5) u riewhadem mawshamok (flint maize). Utei uba nyngkong eh u don u tyllong riewhadem uba rit bad ki soh ruh ki long kiba rit bad u long uba ki shait pyndonkam eh ha ri Amerika ban shna riewhadem pyrthiew. Uba ar pat u don u symboh riewhadem uba jem namar ka snep ka long kaba jem. Uba lai pat u long uba thiang tam na ki jaid riewhadem baroh. Ia une u jaid ki shait pyndonkam ha ri Amerika bad ha kane ka ri India ruh ban bam tang shu shet thai ia u. Ki symboh jong une u riewhadem ki long kiba syti (wrinkled) ynda la thad rkhiang ia u. Ka daw ka long ba katba ka um shini ka dang don hapoh u riewhadem, kata u dang dap sngaid; hynrei ynda la mih noh ka um shini bad sah tang ka shini hapoh u symboh, hangta u sa sdang ban syti. kane kam long ha kiwei pat ki symboh riewhadem namar kim don shini shibun kum une, hynrei ha ka jaka ki shini ki don da u starch.Na ka bynta ban bam u briew, une u long uba kham bang shibun ban ia kiwei pat ki jaid riewhadem. Hangne ha ri India ka Kashmir ka thung shibun ia une u jaid riewhadem. Bad namar ba u iadei bad kata ka jaka, ngim don jingartatien ei-ei ba un iadei ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ruh. U riewhadem lynghong u long par u riewhadem uba ki shait rep eh ha ri Amerika. Ki khot kumta ia u namar ba ha khlieh jong iwei-pa-iwei i symboh riewhadem jong une u jaid, don i thliew rit iba isriem ia i thliew ba la pynlong da kaba dung da u prek na ka khlieh jong iwei-pa-iwei i symboh. Na une u jaid riewhadem ki ju shna bun jaid ki jingbam kum kita ba ki ju bam mynstep (cereals), lane ki shna ata (flour). Utei u jaid riewhadem uba san pat, uba ngi khot u riewhadem mawshamok, u long uba kham kynrei eh ha kane ka ri India, bad u long uba ki ju thung ha ri Khasi-Jaintia. Une u riewhadem u don ka snep jong u symboh kaba eh katta-katta bad kaba jlih.
Kaba Thung Riewhadem
U riewhadem u long u jingthung uba long bha ha ki khyndew shrah, kata ha ki khyndew kiba sbur bha ki bym don bun eh ka um, lymne ki bym da rkhiang eh. Um lah ban long ha ki jaka kiba ieng ka um (water logged soils). Hynrei ki ‘dew ra lada ki ioh biang ka um bad lada ki biang ka sboh ki lah ban long kiba bha na ka bynta une u jingthung. Une u jingthung u dei ruh ban ioh ka um kaba biang bad ka sboh kaba biang khamtam ha ka por kaba u dang san. Dei namarkata ban ai bha ka sboh, bad shuwa ban thung ia u, lada ai da ki kynja sboh kum ka eit masi. U donkam ruh ban ym don shibun ki niut kiba lah ban iaknieh ia ka jingbam jong u.
Ha ki ri sepngi ki ju thung ia une u jingthung bunsien ha ki lain kumta ba ka long kaba jem ban phut ia ki niut da ka kynja kor kaba ki khot ha ka ktien phareng ka “grubber” ne “cultivator”. Kane kumba nga la pyn-i ha ki lynnong kiba mynshuwa , ym tang ba ka thiewia ki niut, hynrei ka lah ruh ban kynton khyndew. Ia kane ka kor lah ban ring da ki masi bad kumjuh kumba ring ia ka lyngkor. Haba thung kumta ha ki lain, lah ban thung ha ka jingjngai kumba ar phut shiteng na uwei u lain ha uwei pat u lain, bad lah ban buh ar tylli ki symboh ha ka jingjngai kumba ar phut, ne ar phut shiteng na kawei ka kynton ha kawei pat ka kynton ha u lain. Ki bnai kiba bha thung riewhadem ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ki long April bad May. [yn dang bteng]
Phi don ban ong eiei?