B.M. Pugh
[ba bteng]LYNNONG – 10
U RIEWHADEM
U riewhadem u long uwei pat u jingthung ia uba la wallam sha kane ka ri India na Amerika lehse ha ka por ba ka wan ka “East India Company”. Naduh ba la shem ia ka ri Amerika u la phriang kylleng ka pyrthei ba mynta u long u jingthung uba ki ju thung ha kylleng ki ri jong ka pyrthei, kum ha ka United States of America, ha Rumania, Italy, India, Hungary, South Africa bad Egypt. Ha kane ka ri India ki jylla kiba kham thung shibun eh ki long kumne ter-ter; ka United Provinces, ka Bihar, ka Punjab, ka North West Frontier Province, ka Hyderabad, ka Central Provinces, ka Bombay, ka Madras, ka Bengal, bad kiwei kiwei. Ka jylla Assam kam da thung shibun kum kitei ki jylla jong ka ri India lait tang ha ki jaka lum. Kumta ka ri Khasi-Jaintia ka long kawei na ki distrik jong ka Assam kaba kham thung shibun u riewhadem, kumta ba ngi sngew dei ban niew ia une u jingthung kum uwei na ki jingthung kiba kham donkam ha ki ri lum Khasi-Jaintia.
Ka Jingiapoikha ki Riewhadem
Kumba ngi la pyni-i ha ka lynnong kaba mynshuwa, u jingthung riewhadem u don ar rukom ki syntiew; u symphiah uba ha khlieh jong u jingthung riewhadem u long u syntiew shynrang; bad uto pat uba hamar shiteng u jingthung u dei u syntiew kynthei, bad dei une uba hadien uba bah khun. Ki symbai shynrang kiba rit katta-katta kum u phngit (pollen grains) ki lah ban hap na utei u syntiew shynrang ha ki tmain (silk) jong u syntiew kynthei jong ujuh u jingthung lane jong uwei pat u jingthung riewhadem, bad ynda ki la iapoikha hangta ki symboh riewhadem ki sa sdang ban nangheh. Lymda ki iapoikha kumne ki symboh riewhadem kim ju long, bad dei namarkata ka daw ba teng-teng ngi ju iohi ha ki kop riewhadem katto-katne ki riewhadem ki bym shym long symboh. Bad namar ba ia kitei ki phngit symbai (Pollen grains) la kit da ka l’er, kumta ka long kaba donkam ban kynmaw ba lada thung tang shi lain kane wat ar lain ruh lada jur eh ka l’er ka lah ban kit ia kine ki phngit sha jngai bad ki lah ban ym hap ha kita ki riewhadem kiba hajan. Bad dei ban kynmaw pat ba namar ba ka l’er ka lah ban kit ia une u phngit sha jngai, lada don marjan ki riewhadem ki bym iadei jinglong, bad lada kita ki ia poikha, kata kin mih bun jaid ki khun kiba lah ban long kiba ngim kwah satia. Ki nongrep riewhadem kin kynmaw ba ha uwei u kop riewhadem ki lah ban iohi ki symboh kiba iapher ki rong. Kane ka pyni ba kawei ka rong ka wan na uwei u riewhadem, bad kawei ka rong na uwei pat u riewhadem. Hynrei kane ka jingiapoikha khleh ka lah ruh ban long kaei-kaei kaba myntoi shibun. La shem ba haba ar jaid ki jingthung lane ki mrad ki iapoikha, ki khun jong ki bunsien ki long kiba kham khlain ne kham bha ban ia ki kmie ki kpa.
Tharai mynta don kawei ka jaid masi (breed of cows) kaba ai dud ong kumba san ser shi sngi, bad kawei pat ka jaid (breed) kaba ai phra ser shi sngi. Lada ki ar jaid ki iapoikha khleh, kata lada u masi shynrang na kawei ka jaid u iapoikha bad ka masi na kawei pat ka jaid (breed) kaba ai phra ser shi sngi, kaba mih na kane ka long ba ki khun kynthei kiba mih na katei ka jingiapoikha ki ju kham ai dud shibun ban ia ka kmie lane kino-kino ki kmie na kata ka jaid. Kane ka jinglong ka neh tang ha ka pateng kaba nyngkong. Kum ia kane ka jinglong kaba ngi khot ‘hybrid vigour’ ha ka ktien phareng. Kumta ka long kaei-kaei kaba ki ju leh ha ri Amerika ban pyniapoikha hapdeng ar jaid ki riewhadem, kumta ba ki khun kiba mih na kane ka jingiapoikha ki long kiba kham bha bad kham khlain ban ia ki kmie ki kpa. Ngin batai hangne kumno ki leh ia kane khnang ba ki nongrep kiba peitmat ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ruh ki lah ban pyrshang ban pynmih kum uta u symbai uba lah ban pynmih ki jingthung riewhadem kiba kham bha. Ka jingkhaii ia ki symbai kiba kum kine ka long kaba myntoi shibun ha ka ri Amerika.
Tharai mynta ba don ar jaid ki riewhadem, u ‘A’ bad ‘B’, bad kiba ngi la shem ba lada kine ki ar jaid ki iapoikha, kata ki khun jong ki ki kham bha ban ia u ‘A’ lane u ‘B’, ia kine ki ar jaid ki riewhadem ngin thung ha kane ka rukom. Ia u riewhadem ‘A’ ngi thung ha kawei ka lyngkha kaba la jngai na kiwei pat ki riewhadem, kumta ba u symbai jong u un iong borobor u bym iakhleh bad kiwei. Ha kawei pat ka lyngkha ngi thung khleh ia kitei ki ar jaid ki riewhadem kumne; ha uwei u lain ngi thung ia u ‘A’, ha uwei pat u lain ngi thung ia u ‘B’, bad kumta ter-ter baroh shi lyngkha. Ha ka por phuh syntiew pat, ia ki symphiah jong u ‘A’ ngi ngor noh kumta ba sah tang u syntiew kynthei. Kumta u ‘A’ u lah ban iapoikha tang bad u ‘B’ uba iapoikha marjan bad u. Hynrei u ‘B’ pat um lah ban iapoikha bad u ‘A’ namar la ngor noh ia ki syntiew shynrang jong u ‘A’, kumta u ‘B’, la u iadon marjan bad u ‘A’ ruh u shu sah hi u ‘B’. Ia ki symbai riewhadem kiba ngi ioh na u riewhadem ‘A’ na kane ka lyngkha kaba ar ngi iohi namarkata ba ki long kiba shiteng jaid, bad kine ki lah bunsien ban pynmih ki riewhadem kiba kham bha ban ia u ‘A’ lane u ‘B’. Hynrei ngi dei ban leh ia kane man ka snem. Ngi dei ban buh ia u ‘A’ bad u ‘B’ la ka jong ka jong, namar ki ksiew na u ‘A’ bad u ‘B’ kim long kiba kham bha ban ia u ‘A’ lane u ‘B’. Ia u riewhadem uba ngi ioh da kaba leh kumtei ki khot ha ka ktien phareng ‘hybrid maize’ lane, u riewadem shiteng jaid.
Ki Jaid Riewhadem
Don bun ki jaid ki riewhadem; hynrei ia kine ki jaid riewhadem baroh kiba ki ju kham thung la buh ha ki san tylli ki klas (class) kumne: (1) u riewhadem pyrthiew(pop maize), (2) u riewhadem jem (soft maize), (3) u riewhadem shini (sugar maize), (4) u riewhadem lynghong thliew (dent maize), (5) u riewhadem mawshamok (flint maize). [yn dang bteng]
Phi don ban ong eiei?