B.M Pugh
[ba bteng] Don katto-katne ki khyndew kiba la kylla na ki mawsiang kiba don hapoh jong ki. Kum ia kita ki khyndew ki khot ha ka ktien phareng ki “residual soils”. Ha ki hajar ki phew hajar, bad ki millian ki snem ba kane ka pyrthei ka la long, ki mawsiang ki la kylla khyndew da ka jingtrei ba phylla jong ka mariang, ka jingtrei kaba ngim lah ban batai ha kane ka kot.
Bad haba kane ka khyndew ka shu sah hajuh ha ka jaka kaba ka la long, ia kiba kum kita ki khyndew ki khot ki “residual soils”. Ka jingdon ne ka jingbymdon kitei ki met tynrai kiba nga la pyni haneng ha ki jaid khyndew kiba kum kine, ka shong eh ha ka jingdon ne jingbymdon kitei ki met tynrai ha u mawsiang na kaba kata ka khyndew ka la man long. Lada u mawsiang u long uba bun ka nar, ka khyndew kaba mih na u bunsien ka dei ban long kaba bun ka nar. Ka long kumuuh ruh shaphang kiwei pat ki met tynrai.
Kum kine ki jaid khyndew ki bun eh ha ki ri lum Khasi Jaintia jong ngi. Ki long ki khyndew ki bym da bha eh na ka bynta ka jingrep, hynrei la kumta ruh ki lah ban pynmih shibun lada ngi nang ban pyndonkam ia ka.
Don pat katto-katne ki khyndew ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ia kiba la pynkynriah na ka jaka ha kaba ki la long, da ka jingsyntuid jong ki na la ka jaka ha kaba ki la long. Ki khyndew sha ri War bad sha ri Bhoi ki long bunsien ki khyndew kiba la syntuid kumne. Ia ki jaid khyndew kiba kum kine ki khot ha ka ktien phareng “Colluvial soils”. Kine ki jaid khyndew ruh kim da long kiba bha eh, kata ha ka jingdon ne jingbym don jong ki ia kitei ki met tynrai kiba nga la batai ha ka lynnong kaba mynshuwa. Hynrei ki long ki khyndew kiba ka um ka iaid bha hapoh jong ki, kiba ki ong ha ka ktien phareng “Well drained”. Kane bunsien ka long kaei-kaei kaba bha, namar lada bun eh ka um ha ka khyndew ruh, ka lah ban pynsniew ia ki jingthung. Nalor kata, da kaba rung shapoh, ka um slap kam lah ban kit noh ia ka khyndew kaba sboh na jrong.
Kiwei pat ki jaid khyndew kiba ngi shem ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ki long kito ki khyndew kiba ki wah ki la kit na ki jaka ha kiba ki la long mynshuwa. Ia kine ki jaid khyndew ki khot ha ka ktien phareng ki “alluvial soils”. Kine ki jaid khyndew kim da bun eh ha ri Khasi kumba ki bun ha ri dkhar. Ka Sylhet (Shilot) bad ka them Assam (Assam Valley) ka dap da kine ki jaid khyndew suda. Ha ka ri India jong ngi, kine ki khyndew ki long kiba bha tam eh ban thung jingthung. Ka daw ka long ba namar ba ki long kiba la wan kit da ka um, kumta ki met tynrai baroh ki la iakhleh bha ha ki. Nalor kata kim da long kiba rew(coarse) eh kumba long katto-katne kiwei pat ki jaid khyndew. Hynrei kine ki khyndew teng-teng ki lah ban long pat ki dew ktieh, bad namar kata kiba kham shitom ia ka um ban rung (not well drained).
Hynrei nalor ba ka jingseisoh ka khyndew ka shong eh ha ka jingdon jong ka ia kito ki met tynrai, ka shong ruh, kumba nga la pyn-i kumtei haneng, ha ka tynrai (origin) bad jingpynlong jong ka hadien (evolution). Kaba kham kongsan eh kaba pynlong ia ka jingseisoh jong ka ka long bunsien ka jingni ne jingrew (texture) jong ka khyndew. U nongrep u tip bha ba ka khyndewmaw bunsien kam long kaba bha, lymda ka don ruh ka ‘dew ni ne ‘dew dait ryngkat bad ki maw. Ki jingthung kim lah ban bam ia ki maw, kim lah ruh ban bam wat ia ki shyiap; hynrei ka jingbam jong ki na ka khyndew ka wan na ki bynta kiba ni eh jong ka sboh jong ka khyndew. Kumta ka khyndew kaba ni ka don shibun ka jingbam; tangba, kumba ngi la ong haneng, lada kata ka jingni jong ka ka pynlong ba ka um kam lah ban iaid bha lyngba jong ka, kata ka lah ban pynsniew ia kiba bun ki jingthung. H’oid don ki jingthung kum u kba bad u sai nalia (jute), kiba met bha wat ha ki jaka kiba bun bha ka um. Ki khyndew kiba kham bha eh na ka bynta kiba bun ki jingthung ki long kito ki bym da ni eh (clayey) bad ki bym da rew eh (sandy). Ia ki khyndew kiba don shiteng u shyiap bad shiteng ka dew ktieh (clay) ki khot ha ka ktien phareng ka “loam”.
Nalor kitei kiba la ong haneng ka don kawei ka bynta jong ka khyndew kaba long kaba donkam eh; kata ka long kaba ki khot ha ka ktien phareng ka “organic matter”, ka met im kaba la iap. Kane ka lah ban wan ha ka khyndew na ki jingthung ne na ki mrad. Ka met iap na ki jingthaw kiba im baroh ka long kaei kaei kaba pynseisoh ia ka khyndew. Kane ka met iap, la ka wan na ki jingthung lane ki mrad ne u briew, ynda ka la pyut bha ka pynlong ia ka kynja met kaba ki khot ha ka ktien phareng “humus” (kynnoh hiwmos). Kane ka long kaei-kaei kaba ai ia kata ka rong iong ia ka khyndew; bad kumta bunsien ka khyndew kaba iong ka long ka khyndew kaba seisoh shibun. Ki khyndew kiba saw ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ki long ki khyndew kiba duna shibun kane ka “humus”, bad bunsien ki pyni ba ki don bun ka nar.
LYNNONG – 6 KI TIAR REP
Haba shu kren kyllum bad lyngkot, lah ban ong ba ia ka jingstad u nongrep lah ban ithuh da ki tiar kiba u pyndonkam ha lyngkha jong u. Haba u briew u dang bieit eh, u la ju pyndonkam na ka bynta ban thung jingthung tang da u dieng da uba u tih ia ki thliew ha kiba u thung ia u symbai. Ynda hadien-hadien u la nang ban pyndonkam da ki tiar nar. Kumta mynta ngi iohi ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ia u mohkhiew uba long uwei na ki tiar ba la thaw na ka nar kiba u nongrep u pyndonkam. Hynrei katba u briew u dang trei tang da u mohkhiew u lah ban pyndep tang khyndiat eh shisngi-shisngi. Kumta ha kiwei pat ki ri jong ka pyrthei, wat ha ki katto-katne ki jaka jong ka ri Khasi ruh, u nongrep u la pyndonkam da ka lyngkor. H’oid u mohkhiew ruh u don la ka jaid jingtrei kaba ka lyngkor kam lah ban l eh. La katta ruh u mohkhiew um long shuh u atiar uba donkam eh ia u nongrep ynda uta u nongrep u la nang ia ka ban pyndonkam ia ka lyngkor. Haba pyntrei da ka lyngkor, ka bor briew kam da long eh kaba donkam, hynrei ba ka jaka jong ka bor briew la pyndonkam da ki mrad. Ngi pule ha ka Baibl ba ha ka ri Kanan (Palestine) ki pyndonkam ia ka kada (ass) lane ia ka ut ban ring ia ka lyngkor. [yn dang bteng]
Phi don ban ong eiei?