Ki khana lamler shaphang ka history jongka Hima Jaintia

Nathan Thangkhiew,
Basan Nongkseh.

Ka Hima Jaintia kala don naduh ka por hyndai bah bad ka kot jingiathuh khana Niam
jongki Hindu, ka Mahabharata kala iathuh shaphang ka jingshongkurim jongu
Duryodhana jongki Kauravas bad ka khun Syiem na Habiganj, Shilot (Sylhet), jongka
Hima Jaintia. Ka Purana ka iathuh ruh shaphang ka jingleit wad jong U Arjuna ia u kulai
sha ka Hima Jaintia bala bat kai daka khun Syiem (Chowdhury). Ki khanatang Khasi ki
iathuh, ba u soh niamtra ula don haka Hima Jaintia naduh ka por ba lawan rah da U Blei
Ram na Lyngkapuri (Sri Lanka) (Bacchiarello). Ki nongkhaii Arab ki la shalan ia u soh
niamtra ka Hima Jaintia sha Syria bad nangtei ula sdang ban saphriang sha kylleng
sawdong ki Ri Europe lyngba ki shipai niam kiba ialeh iaka thma Crusade (Gurdon).

Ka Hima Jaintia ka don haka thain Shatei Lammihngi jongka Ri India bad ka long kaba iar
bha bad kadon kumba 3,850 sq. miles (9,972 sq. Km) (Pemberton, 1835). La ker sawdong
iaka na shaphang Shatei daka Wah Brahmaputra ryngkat bad ki shnat wah kiba ju shlei um
man ka por – ka Wah Kulong bad ka Wah Kupli, kiba tuid lyngba ki ri-them kiba iar bha. Na
shaphang Shathie la ker sawdong daka Wah Surma kaba tuid na Mihngi sha Sepngi lyngba
narud ki Jheel (ki pung) kiba dap daki phew hajar ki dohkha kiba bun jait bad ka bsa ruh iaki
pyntha kba kiba jyrngam jongki Pargana (ki Raid) bapher bapher bad kiba iar daki phew hajar
hectares. Ka Hima Jaintia kaba la shah ker sawdong haki wah bah ka long ka bym lait lynti ha
baroh shi lynter jongka aiom slap hynrei ka long pat kaba riewspah bha wat hapdeng ka jingdap
um bad ka lah ban pynmih iaki jain rusom jain ryndia, jain muslin (kynphad), u nar, ki tiar
thma, ki suloi tynsah, ki suloi khyndew, u bakhor, ki hati, ki bniat hati, u khaw, ki ktung, ka
shini, u soh niamtra, ki kwai tympew bad kiwei etc. Ka Hima Jaintia bad ki Hima Khasi lah
ban ong ba ki long kum ki nongkyrshan bad nongiada ia baroh ki Jaidbynriew kiba shong basah
haka thain Shatei Lammihngi jongka Ri India baroh kawei lyngba ka jinglah jongki ban sain
nar bad pynmih iaki tiar nar bad ka jingnang ban rep kba ha pynthor. Ka jingwad bniah ba
kongsan ha u snem 2013 da u Pawel Prokop bad ka Ireneusz Suliga, Polish Institute of Geoenvironmental Research and Computer Science, Poland ka pynshisha lyngba ka Radiocarbon
dating iaki eit-nar (iron slag) kiba ioh na kylleng sawdong ka Rilum Khasi, ba ka jingsain nar
hangne ha Ri Khasi ka ladon naduh kumba palat iaka 2,000 snem mynshuwa (Prokop & Suliga,
2013).

Ha shuwa ba ka East India Company kan ioh rung khlieh, ka Hima Jaintia ka long ka Hima
kaba riewspah bha bad ki Syiem Jaintia kiba khrawbor ki ju shon hi iaki pisa ksiar pisa rupa.
Iaki pisa ksiar la ju tip kum ki Mohor ksiar katba iaki tyngka rupa latip kum ki Shan-Mohor
bad ki raiot Bengali ki ju khot ruh daki Takra Rupia namar ki don ka dur jongka waitlam
(Bareh). Katkum ki khanapateng, ki Syiem Jaintia ki dei ki War Jaintia naka Kur Syiem Sad
Malngiang bad iaki ruh la khein kum Ki Syiem Blei namar ka Iawbei jongki ka mih naka sniang
(Lyngdoh). Ka Hima Jaintia lehse ka long kawei naki Hima hyndai kaba don shibun ki jait
niam bad ki Jaidbynriew bapher bapher hynrei kiba iashong suk shong sain. Ki Syiem Hima
Jaintia hi, ki long ka nuksa namar wat lada baroh ki Kur Syiem Jaintia ki long Hindu hynrei ki
dang bud beit pat thik pathik iaki riti dustur hiar pateng haka kynthei bad ki dang bat ruh iaka
knia ka khriam Iawbei bad ia kane lah ban pynshisha lyngba ki jingbun jongki mawbynna ha
kylleng sawdong jongka Hima Jaintia. Kumba long lang ki Syiem Khasi, ia U Syiem Jaintia
ruh lamih bujli da u pyrsa, uba dei u khun nyngkong jongka Syiem Sad, kaba ju tip ruh kum
ka Koonwuree (Kunwari). Katkum ka dustur, ia u Kongor (lok) jongka Kunwari la jied daka
Dorbar napdeng ki Bakhraw jongki Kur Pnar ka Hima Sutnga bad kane ka pynsakhi iaka
jinglong bym pyrkhing iaka Niam Hindu. Ki Syiem Sad Malngiang ki shong ki sah pateng la
pateng hala ka khyndew kur kaba iar bad seisoh bha kaba ju tip kum ka July Mahal Pargana
(Rajabari, Jaintiapur Upazila, Sylhet Division, Bangladesh) (Pemberton & Rynjah).
Ha u snem 1765, ka East India Company ka la kylla long ka para marjan, nonglum khajan bad
ka Hima Jaintia lyngba ka jingiohbor naka Diwani jongka Bengal kaba la ai da u Patsha
Mughal, U Shah Alam. Ka jingiakynnad bamih lyngba ka jingiapher jingmut naka jinglum
khajna ka la sdang nyngkong eh ha u snem 1774, ha kaba u major Henniker ula rung shapoh u
pud u sam ka Hima Jaintia. Ki kynhun shipai badon tang khyniat ngut jongka East India
Company kiba synranlang ia u major Henniker ki la shah siat haki shipai Jaintia. Ki Syiem
Jaintia naduh ka por shuwa ban wan ki British ki la bha ban shna iaki tiar iasiat kum ki suloi
badon ka ktang ba jrong bha bala tip kum ki Ram-shangki, ki suloi tynsah, ki suloi-khyndew,
u bakhor bad kiwei. Ki don ruh ki man (cannons) kiba la pynieng ha baroh ki khyrdop ban rung
sha ka Iing Syiem (Gurdon, Bareh & Lamare).

U Lindsay (1778), Resident Collector ka Sylhet, u long u phareng uba nyngkong eh ban khaii
bad ki Hima Khasi Jaintias bad ula buh jingthoh ruh shaphang ki Khasi Jaintia bad iaka
jingiakhaii bad ki haka kot kaba ula ai kyrteng, “Lives of the Lindsay”. U Lindsay ula kam, ba
ula ioh lum spah shibun lyngba ka jingshim wai iaki par mawshun naki Syiem Khasi. U la
iathuh ruh shaphang ka jingkhaii bad kiwei ki mar bamih na Ri Khasi Jaintia kiba kynthup ia
u nar bapaka tam, ka shini, ka umngap, u kynphad, ki jain muslin, ki rusom bad ryndia, ki hati,
ki bniat hati, u soh niamtra, u dewiong bad ki dawai naka bynta ki Iew ki Ri Europe. U Lindsay
ula iathuh ruh shaphang ka jingmuja ha ka por leit Shikar (beh mrad) kaba la pynbeit da U
Syiem Jaintia, uba u long u briew uba la shai bha (civilized), ha kaba ula wan poi ha ka jaka ba
la iakut daka jingi shongkun lyngba ka jingsynran jongki kynhun lieng kiba don haduh 50 tylli
bad kiba pynher daki lama. U la iathuh ruh shaphang ka jingleit riam hati na khlaw bad ula
kam ba ula lah ban ioh kem haduh kumba 500 tylli ki hati haka shi snem. Ha ka 29 June, 1782,
u Lindsay ula thoh shithi shaphang ka jingbha bok jongu ban iohlad khaii bad ki Hima Khasi
Jaintias bad ula iathuh ba tang hapoh 4 snem ka jingiakhaii ula lah ban khur shikatdei ka spah
kaba long haduh kumba £10,000-15,000 (Rs.13 – Rs.19 Crore ka pisa mynta) (Lindsay).
Hynrei ki Sylhet Collector kiba wan hadien u Lindsay kim don ka jingiadei ba iajan bad ki
Syiem Jaintia bad ka daw ba kongsan ka long namar ka jingbuh iaki khyrdop lum khajna
(chokey) U Syiem Jaintia harud jongka Wah Surma, ban lum khajna naki lieng kit mar kit mata
kiba rung bamih sha ka Hima Jaintia. Ki ladon ruh artylli ki jingiakynnad kiba jur bha ha u
snem 1787 bad 1795 halor ka jingaiwai par mawshun ka Hima Nongstoin bad Langrin iaka
East India Company bad kane ka jingiapher jingmut kala poi haduh u pud ban sangeh shi
syndon iaki jingiakhaii. Ka Board jongki Director ka East India Company ban pynhun iaki
Hima Khasi Jaintia Himas kala pynmih iaka Hukum lyngba ka Regulation No.1 jongu 1799 ba
kan don noh ka jingiakhaii laitluid hapdeng ki Khasi Jaintia bad ka Sylhet katba la mana pat
iano iano ban rah iaki tiar iasiat bad ban rung sha ki Hima Khasi Jaintia (Giri).

Hynrei, U John Peter Wade ha u snem 1800, khlem da burom ia katei ka jingmaham, ula thoh
shaphang ka history bad ka kpoh tynrai jongki Syiem Jaintia watla u khlem wan iuh kjat ne
kynduh iano iano ruh uba tip ei ei shaphang ki Jaintia bad ia kane la lah ban pynshisha lyngba
ka jingthoh lamphang sha U Lt. Col. Kirkpatrick (Wade). U Wade ula kam ba ula tip shaphang
ka history jongka Hima Jaintia baroh kawei tang naka jingthoh ba lathoh ha kawei ka jain
kynphad lyngkhot haka ktien Bayloongh lane Ahum (Ahom), kaba long ka ktien kaba la duh
jaid noh. U la iathuh ruh, hana badon tang u wei u briew uba lah ban pule ia kata ka jingthoh
bad u la kam ruh ba ia kata ka jain kynphad (original) la phah rah noh sha u Lord Teignmouth
sha England bad haduh mynta ia kata ka jain ym pat lah ban shem. Ka history jong U Wade
shaphang ki Syiem Jaintia ka long ka bym don nongrim bad kidei tang ki khana lamler bad ki
khana lamwir lamtham bad ki bym iahap ne iadei katkum ki riti dustur synshar khaddar jongki
Syiem Jaintia. U Wade ula bakla jur ruh shaphang ka tynrai jongki Syiem Jaintia ha kaba ula
batai baki Syiem Jaintia ki mih naka dohkha kaba la ioh kem naka wah Khootungah ne
Sutoonga (Sutnga) kaba tuid na rilum Garrow (Garo), hynrei kane kam lah ban long namar ba
ym don kawei ruh ka wah ban tuid na rilum Garrow (Garo) sha Zointee (Jaintia). Nalor kata,
ki Syiem Hima Jaintia ki dei naka Kur Syiem Sad Malngiang bad ki mih pateng naka Iawbei
(Ancestress) kaba dei ka sniang katba ki Syiem Sutnga kiba mih pateng naka dohkha ki dei ki
Syiem Hima Sutnga (Lyngdoh, 1938). U Francis Hamilton Buchanan (1807-14) ruh khlem
dawan iuh kjat haka Hima Jaintia ula thoh lamwir shaphang ki Khasi Jaintia na Rungpur
(Rangpur, Goalpara, Assam) bad ula bakla ruh iaki bad ki Garo (Buchanan).
Ka long ka jingsniew bok kaba khraw ia ngi ka Jaidbynriew Khasi Jaintia, ba ki khana lamler
bad ki khana lamwir lamtham jongu Wade bad Buchanan kiba ladei ban bret sha kaba sep ka
sngi bad kyntait shisyndon kum ki jaboh jabain hynrei ki phareng bawan hadien kila shim kabu
bad pyndonkam bakla kum ka thymmei jongka history. Ki dohlieh kiba ladon lypa ka mynsiem
niewbein (prejudice) ki la leh khnang ban pynksan jubor iaki jingthoh lamler jongu Wade tang
ban kheinpoh ia U Syiem Hima Jaintia bakhrawbor bad ioh ban pynpaw ba u long tang kum
uta u Syiem Riewlum uba la shah jop thma haki Syiem Koch bad shah hukum ban pynmih ki
pisa ha kyrteng jongu. La pynthaw hana ba U Syiem Jaintia ba tlot bor la pynshong kurim bad
ka khun syiem Koch, kaba ju mane iaka Jaintesvari, ka blei ba kwah da ka khlieh briew ban
knia. Ka long shisha kaba sngewkhia, sngewshon jingmut haduh katta katta, ba ki pateng ba
mynta na kylleng sawdong jongka pyrthei ki dang pule ia kine ki khana lamler, ki khana
lamwir lamtham shaphang ka history ki Syiem Hima Jaintia. Ha ka jingshisha ki Syiem
Hima Jaintia ki long ki Syiem kiba synshar lynter iala ka Hima kaba iar bad riewspah bha, kaba
don la ki jongki tyngka ksiar tyngka rupa bad ki jingkynnoh baki Syiem Jaintia ki shon pisa
haka kyrteng ki syiem Koch ka long tang ka jingmutdur thamula. Nalor kata ym don tang kawei
ruh ka khanapateng ban iathuh iaka jingshah jop thma jongki Hima Khasi Jaintia bad kawei
ruh ka long ka jingeh iaki kynhun shipai ban jam na shilliang ka Wah Brahmaputra. Shuh shuh
ki Syiem Jaintia ki long kiba shim jaid naka kynthei bad ka lok jongu Syiem kam dei ka Syiem
hynrei ka Mahadei bad ym kiwei ki Hima (kingdom), baroh ka jingpyndep iaka niam ka rukom
la leh daka Dorbar bad ka Syiem Sad. U Syiem Hima Jaintia u’m don bor satia ban tuklar,
kumta ka jingmane shimet jongka Mahadei kam iadon bynta ei ei.
Annexure:

1. Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury, 2019 – Sylhetis, Assamese, ‘Bongal Kheda’, and the
   rolling thunder in the east” 2019.
2. Gurdon,P.R.T (Philip Richard Thornhagh), The Khasis. 1863-1942.
3. Ki Dienjat jongki Longshuwa – J. Bacchiarello, SDB (1930, Reprint 2018).
4. Pawel Prokop and Ireneusz Suliga, 2013 -Two thousand years of iron smelting in the
   Khasi Hills.
5. Dr. Hamlet Bareh Ngapkynta, 1967 reprint 2016 – The history and culture of the Khasi
   people.
6. R. B. Pemberton – Report on the Eastern British Frontier of British India 1835.
7. Tngensi Rynjah, Ka History ka Ri Khasi-Jaintia (1562-1826), Part II Vol.I, 2007.
8. Shobhan N. Lamare, 2016 – The Jaintias, studies in society and changes.
9. Lives of the Lindsays – A memoir of the House of Crawford and Balcarres – Lord
   Lindsay 1849.
10. J. P Wade – An account of Assam (1800), Edited by Benudhar Sharma, 1927.
11. F. Hamilton – An Account of Assam (First compiled in 1807-1814), Edited by Dr. S.K.
    Bhuyan, 1987.
12. Dr. Homiwell Lyngdoh, Ki Syiem Khasi bad Synteng, (1938, Reprint 2003).
13. Dr. Helen Giri, 2012 – The Khasis under the British rule (1824-1947)