B.M Pugh
[ba bteng] Don katto-katne ki ri ka pyrthei ha kiba kane ka jngtuid ne jingkynriah ka khyndew na kawei ka jaka sha kawei pat ka jaka ka long na ka jingkit ka l’er. Hangne ha ri India jong ngi ruh ka khyndew na shaphang sepngi ka ri shyiap Rajputana ka la nang kynriah shaphang mihngi. Imat ba kane jingkynriah u shyiap na Rajputana kan nang pynroi ia ki jaka rkhiang ha ka jylla United Priovinces; Hynrei ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ka l’er kam da pynjulor eh ia ki khyndew. Ka jingpynjulor jong u slap pat ia ka khyndew ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ka long kaba kham khraw ban ia ha kino-kino kiwei pat ki jaka ha kane ka ri India jong ngi baroh kawei. Kumta ka jingsyntuid noh jong ka khyndew da ka jingshoh u slap ka long kaei-kaei kaba u nongrep ri Khasi-Jaintia bad kaba u Khasi-Pnar baroh uba ieit ia la ka ri u dei ban da pyrkhat bha.
Ngi la ong ha ki lynnong kiba mynshuwa ba ka la shim por slem ia ki mawsiang ba kin kylla khyndew. Kumta lada ngi duh noh ia kane ka khyndew kaba la pynlong da ki millian ki snem, ngi ha ki ri lum ngin sa duh noh ia la ka ri.
Ka khyndew kaba hajrong eh (surface soil) ka long ka khyndew kaba bha tam. Don ha ka, bun ki jingbam na ka bynta ki jingthung, namar bunsien ka long kaba kham ni. Ka long ruh ka khyndew kaba bha tam, namar ka metiap jong ki jingthaw baim (dead organic matter) ka kham don shibun ha ka, ban ia ka khyndew kaba kham shapoh (sub soil). Kane ka metiap jong ki jingthung bad ki mrad ka pynlong ruh ia ka khyndew kaba bit bha ban thung jingthung, namar ka pynlong ia ka kaba sbur bad phrew-phrew. Ka jingtuid noh jong kane ka khyndew, namar kata, ka pynkylla duk ia ka ri bad ka pynriewspah ia ki ri kiba sha ki ri thor sha kiba ki wah bah ki kit ia kane ka khyndew kaba sboh katta-katta.
Don bun ki rukom kiba ngi lah ban leh ban iada ia ka khyndew na kaba tuid noh kumne sha ri Dkhar. Kaba nyngkong ka long ba ngim dei ban shu mait ne pom lut ia ki dieng ha khlaw khlem da sngewthuh. Da kaba ot ia ki dieng, u slap u ioh ban tied ia ka khyndew, bad hadien katto-katne snem kata ka khyndew kaba na jrong ka tuid noh sha ri dkhar. Kumta ha ka jaka ban ngin ot kumne ia ki dieng, kaba bha kan long ba ngin ia thung dieng ha ki jaka baroh ha kiba ngim donkam ban rep. Ki dieng ki long ka spah kaba khraw, bad ka ri Khasi-Jaintia jong ngi ka don ka spah kaba khraw ha la ki khlaw jong ka.
Ha ki jaka kiba la shyrti khnang ban thung phan bad ynda la lah khlaw phan, dei ban bet da ki symbai kseh lane ban thung da kiwei pat ki dieng ha ki jaka syllai baroh. Ka Department kaba peit ia ki khlaw ha Assam ka ong ba kine ki dieng kiba ngi jer kyrteng harum ki lah ban iada shibun ia ka khyndew na kaba tuid sha ri Dkhar; u dieng risai (Alnus epaensis) uba ki khot ha ka ktien Phareng “Nepal alder”, u diengsong (Erythrina indica) uba ki khot ha ka ktien Phareng “madder”, u sohma (Rhussemialata), u diengpiur (Corylopsis Himalayana), u dieng babul (Acacia dealbata), u diengsoh lyngkdhur (Morus indica), bad kiwei-kiwei.
Kaba ar pat ka long ba ngi dei ban thung, kum ha ki kper soh, ia ki jingthung kiba tap bha ia ka khyndew (cover crops). Kine ki jingthung, nalor ba ki tap ia ka khyndew bad ki iada ia ka khyndew na ka jingtied jong u slap, ki pyniap op (smother) ia ki niut ki nier kiba lah ban mih ha ki brisoh bad kiba lah namarkata ban tuh noh ia ka jingbam jong ki jingthung; lane kiba lah ban tuh noh ia ka um kaba dei ban leit sha ki jingthung. Lada kita ki jingthung kiba ngi thung khnang ba kin tap ia ka khyndew ki long ruh ki jingthung na kita ki jaid jingthung kiba ki khot ha ka ktien Phareng ki “legume”, kata ki lah ruh ban kham pynroi ia ka jingsboh jong ka khyndew kumba nga la kdew ha ka lynnong kaba mynshuwa. Ha ka jylla United Provinces ha kane ka ri India jong ngi ki ju thung da u saihon (sunnhemp) uba ki khot ha ka ktien saians Crotolaria juncea. Nalor une, u dai muk (mung) lane kiwei-kiwei ki dai ki lah ban leh ia kane ka kam kaba bha. Ha ka jingpyrkhat jong nga, nga ngeit ba u jingthung uba ki khot ha ka ktien Phareng “cowpea” u lah ban leh ia kane ka kam kaba bha ha ka ri Khasi-Jaintia jong ngi. Ha ki lum Khasi-Jainita u rymbaija ruh u long u jingthung uba lah ban iada ia ka khyndew na kaba shoh eh u slap, bad u kham pynsboh ruh ia ka khyndew.
Kaba lai pat ka rukom kaba ngi lah ban leh ban iada ia ka khyndew jong ngi ha ki lum na kaba tuid shathie sharum, ka long da kaba thung ha ki jaka ba tuid ka um ki kynja phlang kiba ki thied jong ki ki lah ban khum ia ka khyndew. Ha kylleng ka ri India jong ngi bad haduh ri Khasi-Jaintia ruh don uwei u jaid phlang uba ki bam bha ki kulai bad uba teh kumta ia ka khyndew da ki thied jong u. Ia une u jaid phlang ki khot ha ri Khasi u langpur, ha ki jylla kiba shatei jong ka ri India ki khot u “dub” ; ha ki jylla kiba shathie jong ka ri India ki khot u “anjan” bad ha America ki khot u “Bermuda grass”. Ka ri Khasi-Jainita ka long ka ri kaba riewspah katta-katta ha ki jaid phlang ba ngim don jingartatien ei ei ba don bun kiwei pat ki phlang kiba kham bha ia une na ka bynta ban teh ia ka khyndew. U phlang kikiya ruh u long uwei pat uba teh kumne ia ka khyndew.
Kaba saw pat ka rukom kaba ki ju leh eh ha ri America ha ki jaka ki bym da long ranab eh ka long kaba ki khot “contour cultivation” bad “strip croping”. Kaba nyngkong na kine ar ka long ba ki nongrep kin thung jingthung ym ha ki nur kiba phai na kum sha ka them , hynrei pyngkiang ia u lum; kata ki thung ha ki lain (line) kiba pynkiang u lum. Kaba ar pat ka mut ba ki nongrep ki thung shi lyngkhot ia uwei u jingthung ha katei ka rukom bad harum pat da uwei u jingthung uba mih khah bha syriem ia u “cover crop” uba la batai haneng; bad kumta ter-ter. Kum ban ai jingmut, ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ki lah ban thung ha baroh shi lynter ka pynkiang jong ka ranab u lum da u riewhadem. harum pat ki lah ban thung da u rymbaija, bad kumta ter-ter. [yn dang bteng]
Phi don ban ong eiei?