B.M Pugh
[ba bteng] Kiwei pat ki jaid khyndew kiba ngi shem ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ki long kito ki khyndew kiba ki wah ki la kit na ki jaka ha kiba ki la long mynshuwa. Ia kine ki jaid khyndew ki khot ha ka ktien phareng ki “alluvial soils”. Kine ki jaid khyndew kim da bun eh ha ri Khasi kumba ki bun ha ri dkhar. Ka Sylhet (Shilot) bad ka them Assam (Assam Valley) ka dap da kine ki jaid khyndew suda. Ha ka ri India jong ngi, kine ki khyndew ki long kiba bha tam eh ban thung jingthung. Ka daw ka long ba namar ba ki long kiba la wan kit da ka um, kumta ki met tynrai baroh ki la iakhleh bha ha ki.
Nalor kata kim da long kiba rew(coarse) eh kumba long katto-katne kiwei pat ki jaid khyndew. Hynrei kine ki khyndew teng-teng ki lah ban long pat ki dew ktieh, bad namar kata kiba kham shitom ia ka um ban rung (not well drained).
Hynrei nalor ba ka jingseisoh ka khyndew ka shong eh ha ka jingdon jong ka ia kito ki met tynrai, ka shong ruh, kumba nga la pyn-i kumtei haneng, ha ka tynrai (origin) bad jingpynlong jong ka hadien (evolution). Kaba kham kongsan eh kaba pynlong ia ka jingseisoh jong ka ka long bunsien ka jingni ne jingrew (texture) jong ka khyndew. U nongrep u tip bha ba ka khyndewmaw bunsien kam long kaba bha, lymda ka don ruh ka ‘dew ni ne ‘dew dait ryngkat bad ki maw. Ki jingthung kim lah ban bam ia ki maw, kim lah ruh ban bam wat ia ki shyiap; hynrei ka jingbam jong ki na ka khyndew ka wan na ki bynta kiba ni eh jong ka sboh jong ka khyndew. Kumta ka khyndew kaba ni ka don shibun ka jingbam; tangba, kumba ngi la ong haneng, lada kata ka jingni jong ka ka pynlong ba ka um kam lah ban iaid bha lyngba jong ka, kata ka lah ban pynsniew ia kiba bun ki jingthung.
H’oid don ki jingthung kum u kba bad u sai nalia (jute), kiba met bha wat ha ki jaka kiba bun bha ka um. Ki khyndew kiba kham bha eh na ka bynta kiba bun ki jingthung ki long kito ki bym da ni eh (clayey) bad ki bym da rew eh (sandy). Ia ki khyndew kiba don shiteng u shyiap bad shiteng ka dew ktieh (clay) ki khot ha ka ktien phareng ka “loam”.
Nalor kitei kiba la ong haneng ka don kawei ka bynta jong ka khyndew kaba long kaba donkam eh; kata ka long kaba ki khot ha ka ktien phareng ka “organic matter”, ka met im kaba la iap. Kane ka lah ban wan ha ka khyndew na ki jingthung ne na ki mrad. Ka met iap na ki jingthaw kiba im baroh ka long kaei kaei kaba pynseisoh ia ka khyndew. Kane ka met iap, la ka wan na ki jingthung lane ki mrad ne u briew, ynda ka la pyut bha ka pynlong ia ka kynja met kaba ki khot ha ka ktien phareng “humus” (kynnoh hiwmos). Kane ka long kaei-kaei kaba ai ia kata ka rong iong ia ka khyndew; bad kumta bunsien ka khyndew kaba iong ka long ka khyndew kaba seisoh shibun. Ki khyndew kiba saw ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ki long ki khyndew kiba duna shibun kane ka “humus”, bad bunsien ki pyni ba ki don bun ka nar.
LYNNONG – 6 KI TIAR REP
Haba shu kren kyllum bad lyngkot, lah ban ong ba ia ka jingstad u nongrep lah ban ithuh da ki tiar kiba u pyndonkam ha lyngkha jong u. Haba u briew u dang bieit eh, u la ju pyndonkam na ka bynta ban thung jingthung tang da u dieng da uba u tih ia ki thliew ha kiba u thung ia u symbai. Ynda hadien-hadien u la nang ban pyndonkam da ki tiar nar. Kumta mynta ngi iohi ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ia u mohkhiew uba long uwei na ki tiar ba la thaw na ka nar kiba u nongrep u pyndonkam. Hynrei katba u briew u dang trei tang da u mohkhiew u lah ban pyndep tang khyndiat eh shisngi-shisngi. Kumta ha kiwei pat ki ri jong ka pyrthei, wat ha ki katto-katne ki jaka jong ka ri Khasi ruh, u nongrep u la pyndonkam da ka lyngkor. H’oid u mohkhiew ruh u don la ka jaid jingtrei kaba ka lyngkor kam lah ban l eh. La katta ruh u mohkhiew um long shuh u atiar uba donkam eh ia u nongrep ynda uta u nongrep u la nang ia ka ban pyndonkam ia ka lyngkor. Haba pyntrei da ka lyngkor, ka bor briew kam da long eh kaba donkam, hynrei ba ka jaka jong ka bor briew la pyndonkam da ki mrad. Ngi pule ha ka Baibl ba ha ka ri Kanan (Palestine) ki pyndonkam ia ka kada (ass) lane ia ka ut ban ring ia ka lyngkor. Hangne ha ri India pat u mrad uba ki ju pyndonkam ban ring ia ka lyngkor u long u masi dab. Don ha kane ka ri India jong ngi kumba 50 millian ki masi dab bad ki masi kpa, bad na kita, kiba kham bun ki long ki masi dab kiba ki pyndonkam ban ring ia ka lyngkor. Sha ki ri shatai sha sepngi pat, kum sha Bilat, Jermani bad sha America ki mrad kiba ki ju pyndonkam na ka bynta ban pynring lyngkor ki long ki kulai lane ki khashor. Ngi ngeit ha ri Khasi-Jaintia ruh ba ka por kan sa poi kloi ba u nongrep un sa pyndonkam da ki mrad ban trei ia ka kam kaba kham bun na ka kam jong u, bad kumta ka jingpyndokam ia ka lyngkor kan long kaei-kaei kaba ngin sa ioh barabor ha ki lyngkha jong ngi ha ri Khasi-Jaintia. Ngin shu ong hangne ba don bun jaid ki lyngkor kiba ki enjiniar (engineer) kiba dei ia ka rep ki la pynmih ha kylleng ka pyrthei bad ha kane ka ri India ruh. Kiba iadei katkum ka khyndew bad ka jaka. Haduh mynta ruh, katba ngi tip, ym pat don wat tang uwei u enjiniar ha ka jylla Assam uba trei na ka bynta ka jingrep. Ka Agriculture College ha Allahabad mynta ka la plie ka jinghikai na ka bynta kito kiba kwah ban long lashai la shisngi ki enjiniar ka rep. Ngi ngeit namarkata ba ynda ka jylla Assam bad ka ri Khasi-Jaintia ki la ioh u enjiniar uba nang ruh ia ka rep, ba ki lyngkor kiba iadei bha bad ka ri Khasi-Jaintia kin sa mih ha ki ri lum jong ngi.
Na katei kaba nga la thoh haneng lehse yn don kiba pyrkhat “hato u mrad aiu ngi lah ban pyndonkam ha ka ri Khasi-Jainita na ka bynta ban ring ia ki lyngkor?” Katba nga lah ban ong nga ngeit ba ka ri Khasi-Jaintia ka lah ban pyndonkam ia ki masi dab kumba ki leh ha kylleng ka ri India; hynrei ki lah ruh, nga ngeit ban pyndonkam ha ki lum Khasi-Jainita ia ki kulai lane ki khashor kumba ki leh sha Bilat bad kiwei-kiwei ki ri sha ri sepngi. U masi, namar ba u kulai kham khlain bad u lah ruh ban iaid kham stet; hynrei u masi u kham lah ban shah ia ka jingshit bad kiwei-kiwei ki jingshitom khambha ban ia u kulai. [yn dang bteng]
Phi don ban ong eiei?