U Spiton Kharakor
Ka thma bah pyrthei ba nyngkong (1914-1918) ka la wai, la kut noh ha ka 11 tarik u November ,u bnai ba khadwei snem 1918 ha ka por 11baje mynstep. Kane ka thma ka la khie ha ka 28 tarik u July 1914 ha Europe. Ka la neh haduh saw snem bad lai bnai kynthih . Ki daw jong ka thma ki long ka jingshah pyniap u khynnah syiem Archduke Franz Ferdinand u ban sa shimti ia ka khet syiem ha ka Hima Austria-Hungary. U nongpyniap u dei u Gavrino u nong Bosnian Serb ha south Europe. U la pyniap ia utei u khynnah syiem ha ka sngi 28 tarik u June 1914.
Hadien katei ka jingjia ,ki hima ha Europe ki la iashah mamla. Ha kawei ka liang la kyrshan da ka ri Germany, Austria-Hungary, ba la ia wan iasoh hadien sa ka Bulgaria bad ka Hima Ottoman Empire(Turkey). Ki liang ba pyrshah ia kitei ki hima haneng ki long ka ri France ,Russia, Britain, bad hadien wan bynrap sa ka ri Japan bad United States of America.
Kane ka thma bah 1914-1918 ka la long ka thma bah pyrthei ba nyngkong duh. Ka jingthmu jong kane ka thma bah , ka la long, ban pynduh jait lut ia ki thma ha ka pyrthei baroh kawei . Ia kane ka thma la ialeh ha Europe,Africa,Middle East , dewlynnong Pacific ,China ,South bad North America kumjuh.
Kiba la shim bynta ha ka thma bah ba nyngkong ki long haduh 70 million ki briew. Tang ki nong Europe kiba iashim bynta ki long 60 million ngut. Ka ri Austria-Hungary ka la siat nyngkong bad ther kuli ia ka nongbah Belgrade jong ka Serbia ha ka 28 tarik u july 1914. Nangne arted ka la nang khluid lain, haba la wan iarap biang sa ki paralok bad ka thma ka la shongshit ir. Ka la pynbaiong bad pynkingkhlieh ia ka pyrthei kaba la neh saw snem tam.
Ha kito ki por ,ka ri India ka dang shah synshar ha ka ri Bilat. Kumta ki shipai India na ki Regiment bapher ,ki la leit ialeh thma kylleng na ka bynta U Syiem Bilat. Kumjuh ruh la phah ia ki shipai Khasi Labour Corps ban leit ialeh thma shabar ri. La don da ki bun phew spah ngut , kiba la leit sha ri France, Mesopotamia (Iraq) bad Egypt, kito kiba la wan phai im sha la ri, ki la iathuh ia ka jingishyrkhei jong ka thma bah.
Ka jingiapyniap para briew khlem sheptieng shuh ia U Blei, ka la long kaba par met bad sngewtriem. Ia ki shipai Khasi kiba la iap ha France ryngkat ki Garo de la tep shi jaka ha ka ri Netherland. Ha la ka ri , ka Sorkar Phareng hyndai ka la tei ia u mot sahkynmaw ia ki lyngba “U Motphran”. Ha Shillong naduh ki snem 1924-25 ei-ei kum ka dak jingsah kynmaw ieid ia ki. La thoh bniah ia ki kyrteng kiba iap ha France ha u Motphran,kiba dang paw shynna haduh mynta ia ki kyrteng jong ki.
Ha ka por phareng naduh ki snem 1925 ter ter haduh snem 1938, ka la don ka jingleh kynmaw burom ia ki shisien shisnem ha U November 11 tarik ha Motphran. Ki heh ki hain phreng, ki shipai ki swar ki ju drill bad kren iaroh ia kiba la iap ha France. U Motphran naduh kitei ki por haduh ki snem 1970 ei-ei u dang kup rong ba itynnad bad ki per syntiew.
Na ki shipai khasi kiba la lait iap ha ri France ki la ia wan phai bun ngut hadien ka snem 1918. U wei na kita u dei u nong Mawsmai na ri Sohra. Une u la wan phai sha la ri ryngkat kawei ka mem European na ri Spain kaba wan bud ia u naduh ri France.Katei ka long katkum ka jingiathuh u paralok khynnah skul jong nga , U Bah November Sawkmie(bam kwai ha dwar U Blei) ha ki snem 1954-1955 uba sah ha Jaiawpdeng. Uta u para khynnah skul u la iathuh ba i pa jong u , i dei i khun mem. Ha jaiawpdeng ki khot kyrteng ia u, U Bah Halek. U la long u khun marwei khlem hymen ne para. U long uba lieh, metbah bad jrong shisha ba la pun la kha ia u na ka kpoh mem jong ka ri Spain.
Sa uwei pat u shipai khasi u dei U Corporal T. Hodyson Dykes (hadien la tip ia u kum u Captain T. Hodyson Dyke) . Katba lah ban tip dei tang une u Shipai Khasi, uba la leit ialeh thma ar sien, ha ka thma bah pyrthei ba nyngkong 1914-1918, bad ha ka thma bah pyrthei kaba ar 1939-1945. Ha baroh ar ki thma bah pyrthei u lah pynpaw ia la ki jong ki sap bad jingshlur bad u la ioh bun ki medals. La kha ia U Captain T. Hodyson Dykes ha Sohra ha ka snem 1891. Ha ka iing jong ki jait Kharsyntiew. U la rung sha ka kam shipai jong ka British Indian Army ha ka snem 1914. U la shongthait ha ka snem 1947. U la ioh san tylli ki medal rupa bad ar tylli ki medal khlur.
Ha ka thma bah ba nyngkong 1914-1918, la phah ia u Corporal T Hodyson Dykes sha Mesopotamia (Iraq) ,Palestine bad Egypt. Haba u don ha Egypt u ju iaid da kaba shong kulai ha ri shyiap haruh ki mot donnam Pyramid. La ai ha u artylli ki medal “The Great War For Civilization” bad ka “Georgivs V Medal 1914-18”. Ka thma Afridis and Momand ka la khie ha ka snem 1930 kaba shajan Peshwar, Pakistan. La phah leit ialeh thma ia u shata ruh namar u long u riewialeh bad uba shlur. Hangne ruh u la ioh de sa ka medal Georgivs V North West Frontier Medal 1930-31.
Ha ka thma bah pyrthei kaba ar 1939-45 la phah ia u Jamedar T Hodyson Dukes sha South East Asia . Nangto u la pyniasoh noh sha ka Indian National Army ne I.N.A ha ka snem 1942 hapoh ka jingialam U Subhas Chandra Bose. Ka jingangnud jong ki ka long ban pynlaitluid ia ka ri India.
Ka I.N.A ka la ai kyrdan Captain ia u Jamedar T Hodyson Dykes . Kumta u la trei kum U Quarter Master ha ka Supreme Headquarter I.N.A., Malaya, Singapore. Hadien ba la wan ne kut ka thma bah ba ar ha ka snem 1945, la kem koidi thma ia u lem bad ki paralok. La rah ia ki sha New Delhi. La tian bishar bad la map ia ki. Ki medal kiba u la ioh ha ka thma bah ba ar ki long “Georgivs VI Medal 1939-45” GRI VI Star 1939-1945 bad ka “The Pacific Star Gri VI”. Sa kawei pat ka medal kaba u la ioh ha ka snem 1937 ka long ka “Georgivs VI Medal 1937”.
U Captain T hodyson Dykes u la long uba eh rang ,pyrkhing bad ieid ia la ka kam. U la ioh penshon naduh ka snem 1947. Ka ri ka la duh noh ia une u riewialeh laitluid ne Fredom Fighter da ka jingkhlad noh jong u ha ka 3 tarik u April (iaiong) 1966.
Katba ka pyrthei baroh kawei ka jynjar na ki thma khamtam lei na ki thma bah. Hynrei kum ka jaid bynriew ngi ioh jingmyntoi pynban na ka thma. Ka nongbah Shillong ha ka thma bah ba nyngkong bad ba ar,ka sorkar phareng ka buh ia ka Shillong kum ka “peace area”. Ki heh pynban ka khaii pateng ha kaba ki nongkhaii ki lah ban die lah dor ia ki tiar ki tar ki mar bam mar dih sha ka sorkar Civil bad Military ha kito ki por.
Uwei u nongkhaii na Wahthapbroo, Shillong uba don kawei ka dukan die jingdie kaba heh harud surok GS Road hajan iewduh shuwa ban hiar sha ki mawkyndon ka Wahthapbroo. Uta u nongkhaii u dei U Ma Don Shullai uba ka dukan jong u ka heh kum ka Vishal ha Police Bazaar mynta.
Utei u nongkhaii ula ioh contract ha ka Army kum u Military Order Supplier. U don haduh kumba 20 – 30 ngut ki dorji suhjain ban suh ia ki uniform shipai bad kiwei kiwei de. Na ka dukan jong u lah ban ioh naduh ki mar kiba rit eh kum u pin haduh ki mar kiba heh kat u hati na dukan jong u. U la thaw bad pynmih ia ki waitlyngngun ha la ka jong ka shap ne ka trade mark “Don Shullai”. U la khlad noh ha ka snem 1919.
Hadien ka jingkhlad jong u, ki khun jong u ki la plie ia ki 3 tylli ki dukan kiba heh ha iewduh. Kitei ki dukan ki dang don haduh mynta bad ki lah jan kot 100 snem. U khun jong u dei U Ma Hiro Massar, u ksiew u dei U Ma Delton Massar bad kiwei kiwei ki khunksiew ki ioh ia ka sap khaii na u kpa tymmen jong ki, katta U Papun Don Shullai hyndai.
Haba ka thma bah pyrthei ba nyngkong ka la wai ha ka snem 1918, ka la don ka jingktah ia ka sain hima sima (politics) ha ka pyrthei. Ka jingsynshar syiem ha ri Russia hapoh ki syiem Tzar ka la kyllon lypa naduh ka snem 1917. Ka Bolshevik Revolution hapoh ka jingialam u Lenin ka la jop bad la pynkhein syiem noh ha Russia. La mih ka jingsynshar Communist ha ka kyrteng Union Of Soviet Socialist Republic ne U.S.S.R. Ka ri Turkey ne kata ka Ottoman Empire kaba synshar khyndiat ha south east Europe bad Middle East kynthup ia ka Palestine bad ri Arap ka lah shah rem thma. Ki ri kiba jop kum ka U.S.A,Britian bad France lyngba ka League Of Nations ki la dakhol ia ka ri Arab bad Palestine na ka hima Ottoman Empire
Dei ha kane ka por ba ka Zionist Movement jong ka jait bynriew Jew ka lah iakhih tyngeh ban ioh la ka bynta ka jaitbynriew jong ki. Ki la dawa ban ioh pat la ka ri Palestine ba hyndai jong ki. Ki Jew ki la leit thied jaka bad sdang ban leit buhai shnong biang sha Palestine, ka ri kaba ki la duh la kumba 2000 snem mynshuwa. Shisha, ki la ioh pat ia la ka ri ha ka snem 1948. La ai ha ki da ka ri Isreal kaba ki la long trai mynta.
Ki ri kiba jop pyrshah ia ka Germany lyngba ka seng shityllup pyrthei ne ka League Of Nations ka la dain kuna bad leh bein ia ka ri Germany ha ban da biang. Kam don eiei shuh ka spah ka hajar ka jingdon jingem naduh ba ka lah shah rem ha ka thma 1914-18. Dei na kata ka daw ba U Adolf Hitler, uba long u shipai German kum U Corporal ha ka army ha ka thma 1914, u la at nud sia. U la wad kput ban ioh tangon tyngeh ia ka ri Bilat bad France. Tang 20 snem hadien ba wai ka thma 1914-18 ,la khie biang sa ka thma bah pyrthei ba ar ha ka snem 1939-45.
Hapdeng ka thma bah pyrthei ba nyngkong bad ka thma bah pyrthei kaba ar ,la jia ki jingjia ha ka pyrthei kiba sah kynmaw. Kaba nyngkong eh ka long haba la khie ka thma bah nyngkong ka long ba ka Hima Bilat ne Great Britain ka la kem pynban ia ki Phadar Kristan na ka Balang Katholic ha Shillong, ba la tip kum ki Phadar German. Ka la kem ia ki tang na ka daw ba ka Germany ka ialeh thma pyrshah ia ka ri Bilat. La kem bad la set patok ne jail ia ki tad haduh ynda wai ka thma. Kin salaitluid bad leit phai noh sha la ka ri.
Kaba ar, ki Balang Kristan Catholic ka la ioh ia ka bor hima ne sovereignty naduh ka snem ba wai ka thma bah pyrthei 1918. Katkum ka Lateran Treaty h aka 11 tarik u February 1929, U Benito Mussolini u Prime minister ka Italy, da ka jingai jingbit U Syiem Victor Emmoneul III ka Italy, u la iateh kular bad ka Holy See ba la mihkhmat da U Pope Pius XI . Katkum ka kular haneng ha katei ka sngi ka Vatican City kan long ka Hima laitluid lem bad ka bor hima ne sovereignty. U pope Puis XI uba ka kyrteng trai ka long u Achille Ambrogio Damiano u long u Head of State ba nyngkong jong ka hima laitluid Vatican.Ka Vatican City ka long ka ri kaba rit tam ha ka pyrthei ha ka liang u pud u sam bad ka jingbunbriew ka don tang 1000 ngut. Ka heh tang 44hectares ne 110 acres.
Kylleng sawdong pyrthei ka jingiap briew ha ka thma bah ba nyngkong ka la poi haduh 50 million ngut eiei.Ki nong Germany kiba lah shah pyniap haduh 20 lak 50 hajar bad 877 ngut; ki French kiba la shah pyniap ki la long haduh 13 lak 97 hajar ; ki British kiba lah shah pyniap ki poi haduh 11 lak 14 hajar. Ki nong Turkey bad Arap jong ka hima Ottoman Empire hyndai ki la iap haduh 7 lak 71 hajar ban 844 ngut. Ki Shipai Khasi kiba la iap ha ri France ki long lehse tang da ki spah ngut.
Kumno kan jia, lada kan khie ka thma bah pyrthei kaba lai ha kane ka juk. Katno million ngut ki lah ban iap ha ka shi minit. Lada ki hima bah ki ia leh thma da kita ki Inter- Continental Ballistic Missile, bad pynhap ki nuclear bomb ne atom bomb aiu kan jia?.Ha ka pyrthei mynta don kumba 7 billion u paid bynriew. Ngi sheptieng ba tang ha ka shi khyllip mat ngi lah ban iap bad duh jait syndon. Kumta, lada kane ka meiramew ka la kylla dpei, te kata ka mut ba la wai ka pyrthei.